Plants  of  Nantucket. 


PRANDEGEE  HF.RPARIUM 


Catalogue  of  Plants 


GROWING  WITHOUT  CULTIVATION 


IN   THE 


County  of  Nantucket,  Mass 


MARIA  L  OWEN. 

II 


NORTHAMPTON,   MASS.: 

GAZETTE  PRINTING  COMPANY. 

1888. 


BRANDEGEE  HERBARIUM 


.     . 

:   : 


PREFACE. 


r  I  IHE  County  of  Nantucket  comprises  the  islands  of  Nantucket,  Tucker- 
nuck  and  Muskeget,  and  a  small  group  called  Gravelly  Islands.  A 

JL  list  of  their  plants,  including  the  marine  algae  growing  in  the  sur- 
rounding waters  or  washed  up  on  their  shores,  is  attempted  in  the  following 
pages.  The  islands  are  separated  by  channels  from  an  eighth  of  a  mile  to 
half  a  mile  in  width,  and  may  be  considered  geologically  as  but  one.  This 
island  county  is  part  of  the  extreme  terminal  moraine  of  the  ice-sheet  that 
covered  the  northern  part  of  our  continent  during  the  glacial  period,  and  is 
a  series  of  morainic  hills  bordered  on  the  south  by  sloping  plains  of  gravel 
and  sand.  The  hills  are  from  forty  to  fifty  feet  high  at  Madeket,  at  the 
west  end  of  Nantucket,  and  sink  lower  from  there  to  Muskeget,  while  they 
rise  towards  the  east.  They  reach  the  height  of  91  feet  in  the  highest  of 
Saul's  Hills,  and  of  105  feet  at  Sancoty  Head,  the  highest  land  on  the  island. 
The  formation  is  almost  wholly  stratified  gravel  and  sand,  deposited  at  the 
margin  of  the  ice  by  streams  that  flowed  down  from  its  surface;  but  in  the 
region  of  Saul's  Hills,  bowlders  are  scattered  upon  and  in  it,  varying  from 
a  small  size  up  to  ten  feet  in  diameter.  The  pine  barrens,  although  farther 
south,  are  of  similar  structure,  and  Nantucket,  as  regards  its  flora,  seems 
like  a  piece  of  New  Jersey  moved  up  the  coast  for  the  convenience  of  north- 
ern amateurs  in  botany,  who  cannot  get  away  from  business  long  enough  to 
go  collecting  in  that  state. 

The  writer  has  not  been  able  to  obtain  any  report  of  the  productions  of 
Muskeget  and  Gravel— uninhabited  islands— and  Mr.  L.  L.  Dame  has  ran- 
sacked Tuckernuck  without  finding  anything  new ;  the  most  noticeable  thing 
was  the  quantity  of  a  common  milk- weed  (Asclepias  obtusifolia),  which  was 
growing  more  profusely  than  he  had  ever  seen  it  in  any  one  locality  before. 
What  follows,  then,  relates  solely  to  Nantucket,  the  large  island  of  the 
county,  with  an  area  of  about  fifty  square  miles. 

The  winters  there  are  mild,  and  snow  seldom  lies  long  on  the  ground,  so 
that  the  hardier  weeds,  like  groundsel  and  chick-weed,  may  frequently  be 


845896 


IV 

found  in  bloom  in  the  winter  months,  and  a  jasmine  in  the  gardens  is,  in 
ordinary  seasons,  in  flower  from  November  to  February.  Fig  trees  six  years 
old  and  eight  feet  high,  grown  from  seed,  might  be  seen  in  1885,  in  a  shel- 
tered garden  in  town,  and  Mr.  Henry  Coffin  tells  me  there  was  one  in  1845 
known  to  be  five  years  old,  growing  on  Brant  Point,  exposed  to  all  the 
winds  that  blow.  An  English  Walnut  (Juglans  regia),  produces  nuts  of  full 
size  in  a  yard  in  Lily  street,  although  even  in  the  Middle  States  this  tree 
ripens  its  fruit  but  sparingly.  The  ivy  (Hedera  Helix)  flourishes  in  the  open 
air  without  protection  seemingly  as  well  as  in  England,  and  no  limit  has 
been  found  to  its  upward  growth,  except  the  top  bricks  of  the  chimneys  to 
which  it  climbs. 

While  much  of  Nantucket  consists  of  dry,  sandy  plains,  level  or  slightly 
undulating,  there  are  sheets  of  water  of  varying  size  in  the  hilly  parts,  and 
also  a  line  of  ponds  of  brackish  water  along  the  southern  shore,  al- 
though most  of  the  smaller  ones  are  dried  up  in  summer.  A  sandy  beach 
surrounds  the  island,  and  salt  marshes  are  frequent,  thus  there  are  suitable 
localities  for  various  kinds  of  plants.  Trees  are  lacking  except  in  stunted 
form,  and  there  are  few  of  those,  yet  the  tradition  is  that  the  island  was 
well  wooded  when  the  first  settlers  came,  in  1659.  Houses  are  standing  said 
to  have  been  built  of  native  wood,  and  during  the  Revolution  and  again  in 
the  war  of  1812,  the  people  obtained  a  large  part  of  their  fire-wood  from 
Coskaty.  Observations  indicate  that  these  stories  may  be  relied  upon.  Mr. 
Sanford  tells  me  of  stumps  as  large  as  a  man's  thigh  found  when  clearing 
up  his  swamps  in  Polpis,  and  still  larger  ones  are  reported  between  Siascon- 
set  and  Sancoty.  The  surface  then  was  once  wooded,  but  that  it  was  not 
heavily  so  is  proved  by  a  recorded  vote  of  the  early  proprietors,  limiting 
the  quantity  of  wood  which  any  person  might  cut  for  fuel ;  they  feared  that 
total  destruction  of  the  forests  which  actually  occurred  long  years  ago.  The 
local  names  "Grove  Lane"  and  "The  Woods"  show  that  trees  once  grew 
where  no  living  person  has  ever  seen  one.  About  forty  years  ago  there  was 
a  group  of  trees  in  Polpis  known  as  "The  Grove;"  there  might  have  been 
twenty  or  thirty  individuals  in  the  cluster,  of  what  kind  unknown  to  the 
present  writer.  Their  last  hour  was  at  hand.  Their  trunks,  slender,  crooked 
and  wind-twisted,  some  twenty  feet  high,  as  gray,  first  with  death  and  then 
with  lichens,  as  an  old  fence-rail,  and  the  few  boughs  near  the  top  almost 
leafless,  made  on  the  whole  a  melancholy  sight. 

The  scrub-oaks  have  resisted  extermination  and  are  still  abundant  on  the 
commons,  and  in  Quaise  there  is  a  small  tract  covered  with  a  low  but 
healthy  growth  of  oak,  beech,  hickory,  tupelo,  and  possibly  some  other  spe- 
cies; the  crows,  for  lack  of  the  tall  pines  in  which  they  build  from  prefer- 


ence,  make  their  nests  in  the  round  tops  of  these  diminutive  trees.  Near  the 
Point  there  is  quite  a  thicket  of  underbrush,  not  scrub-oak,  hard  to  pene- 
trate. The  nearest  approach  to  a  forest  that  now  exists  is  found  in  Coskaty 
Swamp.  Mr.  Wm.  L.  Foster  of  Hanover  noted  there,  in  1885,  white  and  red 
oaks,  the  latter  nearly  a  foot  through,  hickory,  beech  and  tupelo.  He  was 
told  that  holly  grew  there,  but  could  find  none.  There  is  holly  in  the  swamps 
at  the  eastern  end  of  the  island  large  enough  for  fire-wood — very  sizable  logs 
may  be  seen  in  the  'Sconset  wood-piles— another  melancholy  sight.  The  whole 
island  is  an  example  of  what  comes  from  cutting  down  the  woods  and  mak- 
ing no  provision  for  their  renewal.  A  few  trees  planted  near  dwellings  for 
shade  or  ornament,  have  spread  somewhat  by  seed  or  suckers,  but  not 
enough  to  be  considered  established.  The  common  locust,  the  ailanthus,  sil- 
ver poplar  and  sycamore  maple  may  be  mentioned,  but  they  make  little 
headway.  The  pines  which  make  such  a  prominent  feature  in  the  landscape 
are  of  late  introduction,  as  it  is  well  known.  A  stranger  is  surprised  at  the 
straight  lines  in  which  they  grow  till  he  learns  that  they  have  come  f vom 
seed  carefully  sown  by  man. 

Some  wood  plants  probably  died  out  after  the  trees  that  sheltered  them 
were  gone;  but  even  now,  Nantucket,  though  treeless,  is  not  a  flowerless 
isle;  according  to  tradition  it  was  once  a  garden  of  flowers.  Such  it  was 
called  by  the  Frenchman,  Marsillac,  who  nearly  a  hundred  years  ago,  re- 
gardless of  his  silk  stockings,  plunged  into  the  swamps  for  their  floral 
treasures,  and  such  was  the  testimony  of  those  who,  in  the  childhood  of 
the  writer,  could  tell  her  of  its  appearance  in  the  early  part  of  this  cen- 
tury, before  the  sheep  ran  at  large.  Sheep  have  been  kept  on  the  island 
from  early  times,  but  formerly  the  commons  were  divided  by  fences  into 
pastures,  occupied  in  turn  by  the  whole  flock  in  successive  years,  leaving 
each  pasture  two  or  more  years  to  recover  from  the  close  cropping.  The 
Newtown  Gate,  which  stood  at  the  end  of  Orange  street  near  the  first  mile- 
stone, opened,  during  the  resting  years  of  the  pasture  beyond,  upon  an  ex- 
panse of  luxuriant  vegetation  where  many  kinds  of  flowers  were  common 
which  afterwards  were  rarely  found.  About  the  year  1822  this  system  was 
given  up  for  the  sheep  to  range  at  will,  and  those  who  loved  the  flowers 
never  ceased  to  lament  the  great  decrease  in  their  quantity  and  variety.  In 
1849,  another  change  in  the  town  laws  forbade  the  free  run  of  the  sheep  ; 
many  people  gave  up  their  flocks,  those  who  held  them  kept  them  enclosed, 
and  the  flowers  had  another  chance,  which  they  improved, — not  unopposed, 
however.  Gunners  are  in  the  habit  of  burning  the  bushes  in  various  parts 
of  the  island  during  the  yearly  sporting  season,  and  the  fire  burrows  down 
amongst  the  roots  for  some  days,  destroying  forever  much  that  grew  on 
those  spots. 


VI 

The  island  flora  interests  all  botanists  from  its  peculiarity;  those  from 
the  interior  notice  first  the  coast  plants,  but  from  whatever  part  of  New 
England  they  come,  they  are  surprised  at  the  occurrence  of  species  not 
to  be  expected  in  this  latitude — between  forty  and  fifty  perhaps — a  large 
number  for  the  small  region.  Some  belong  to  more  northern  localities, 
but  these  are  far  less  numerous  than  the  southern  plants,  some  of  which 
have  never  been  found  elsewhere  in  New  England.  It  was  a  great  pleas- 
ure to  several  of  the  collectors  named  in  the  following  pages  to  take 
their  discoveries  to  Dr.  Gray,— our  heaths,  smilaxes,  utricularias,  etc. ;  he 
said  at  last  that  he  was  surprised  at  nothing  from  Nantucket. 

The  ocean  round  our  shores  is  as  prolific  in  rarities  as  the  land; 
amongst  them  are  four  species  of  algae  not  in  Farlow's  Manual,  two  of 
them  new  to  America.  The  fresh  waters  too  are  rich  fields  for  collectors, 
as  Mr.  Morong's  remarks  a  few  pages  on  will  show. 

While  many  species  are  extremely  scarce,  and  to  be  found  only  in  the 
depths  of  thickets  or  in  most  secluded  spots,  others  grow  in  lovely  profusion. 
The  hills  are  covered  in  the  spring  with  sheets  of  houstonias  and  bird-foot 
violets,  followed  soon  by  a  large-flowered  chick-weed,  which  whitens  the 
plains.  The  hudsonia  in  equal  abundance  follows  with  its  gold,  and  that  is 
succeeded  by  the  golden  aster  (Chrysopsis)  and  the  bitter  polygala  giving 
their  own  color  to  the  ground,  till  still  later  the  golden-rods  and  the  liatris 
paint  the  scene.  The  gieat  carpets  of  the  bear-berry— " meal  plum"  in  our 
local  speech — always  attract  the  eye  of  a  botanist.  On  the  other  hand,  some 
species  equally  beautiful  are  extremely  local;  the  sabbatia,  the  upright- 
leaved  St.  John's  wort,  the  hyssop-leaved  hedge-nettle,  the  swamp  hibiscus 
and  the  thread-leaved  sundew  are  examples.  These  are  fairly  abundant 
within  their  narrow  limits,  and  their  locality  is  easily,  alas!  far  too  easily, 
accessible. 

The  Nantucket  Sabbatia  is  called  by  Dr.  Gray  "an  ambiguous  form;" 
there  are  other  plants  on  the  island  that,  to  an  acute  observer,  look  differ- 
ent from  the  same  kinds  on  the  main  land.  Whether  the  species  have  been 
modified  by  long  isolation,  or  the  changes  are  due  to  more  obvious  causes, 
would  require  closer  observations  than  visitors  can  make  in  the  few  weeks  of 
their  stay.  The  unusually  bright  color  and  large  size  of  certain  flowers  have 
often  been  noticed.  Perhaps  a  study  of  the  insects  of  the  island  in  connec- 
tion with  its  flowers  would  show  the  cause  of  these  variations  and  of  the 
closely  restricted  locality  of  certain  species,  but  the  entomologist  must  ap- 
pear soon,  for  the  flowers  are  vanishing  fast.  Idle  pleasure  seekers  with  ruth- 
less greed  pick  the  sabbatia,  with  a  determination  worthy  of  a  better  cause, 
not  to  leave  one;  the  hibiscus  is  carried  into  'Sconset  by  the  armful,  its 


VII 

tall  stalks  cut  for  a  day's  decoration,  full  of  buds  that,  if  let  alone,  would 
grow  and  bloom  for  weeks  and  then  ripen  seed.  Never  is  the  Turk's  cap  lily, 
that  magnificent  plant,  admired  and  left  for  the  delight  of  the  next  passers; 
its  stately  stem,  crowned  with  thirty,  forty  flowers,  is  cut  or  broken  to  the 
ground  and  borne  away,  usually  tied  to  the  outside  of  the  carriage,  and  at 
the  end  of  the  trip,  a  sorry  sight,  with  its  tender  flower  stalks  broken,  and 
its  curled  petals  all  in  tatters,  it  is  thrown  without  more  ado  on  the  rub- 
bish heap. 

In  England,  a  beautiful  wild  lady's  slipper,  extinct  except  on  a  single  es- 
tate in  Durham,  is  as  carefully  preserved  by  the  owner  as  if  it  were  pheas- 
ants or  fallow-deer;  cannot  our  lovely  flowers  find  protectors  in  those  who 
thoughtlessly  destroy  them  now  ?  No  one  accuses  them  of  malice,  but  the 
result  is  the  same,  and  without  a  change  of  course  the  hapless  blossoms 
will  die  out  forever  from  the  ponds  they  once  fringed  with  their  beauty, 
and  the  hollows  among  the  hills  that  they  once  lighted  up  with  their 
flame. 

That  the  list  which  follows  of  the  plants  existing  on  the  island  in  these 
passing  years  is  not  complete,  the  compiler  feels  sure.  Several  species  are 
represented  by  one  single  individual,  found  in  the  depths  of  some  swamp 
or  thicket,  and  until  every  clump  of  bushes  has  been  thoroughly  explored, 
there  is  a  chance  for  new  discoveries, — and  brilliant  ones,  for  some  of  our 
Nantucket  plants  have  never  been  found  elsewhere  in  New  England,  and 
others  very  rarely.  The  spring-flowering  plants,  carices  especially,  are  the 
most  likely  to  be  among  the  lacking  ones,  as  the  botanists  who  have  made 
the  list  what  it  is  have  seldom  visited  the  island  except  from  July  to  the 
middle  of  September. 

The  foundation  of  the  work  was  a  record  of  the  plants  collected  and 
identified  by  the  writer  in  her  early  life,  long  before  the  era  of  local 
catalogues.  In  late  years,  returning  to  her  home  after  long  absence,  she 
realized  the  remarkable  character  of  the  island  flora,  and  determined  to 
publish  her  old  list,  with  such  additions  as  she  could  make  in  her  short 
occasional  visits. 

"  For  a  web  begun,  Heaven  sends  thread."  Mr.  L.  L.  Dame  of  Med- 
ford,  who  was  in  the  habit  of  spending  part  of  his  summers  in  Nan- 
tucket,  offered  his  help  at  once,  and  how  valuable  it  proved,  the  follow- 
ing pages  will  in  some  measure  show.  Other  botanists  who  visittd  the 
island  heard  of  the  catalogue  in  progress,  and  added  to  it  year  after  year. 
Mr.  Walter  Deane  of  Cambridge,  and  Judge  J.  R.  Churchill  of  Doi Ches- 
ter, who  often  collect  together,  have  contributed  many  a  new  name,  and 
Mr.  Deane  has  given  me  the  advantage  of  his  nearness  to  the  Botanic 


till 

Garden  and  the  Gray  Herbarium,  to  determine  doubtful  specimens  and  to 
investigate  for  me  when  I  was  not  sure  of  the  synonyms.  What  accuracy 
the  catalogue  has  in  this  respect  is  largely  due  to  his  faithful  and  pains- 
taking aid. 

Dr.  C.  W.  Swan  of  Boston  has  lengthened  the  list,  and  has  also  named 
for  me  many  puzzling  grasses  and  sedges  collected  by  others.  It  is  very 
gratifying  to  have  the  algae  from  a  specialist  of  Mr.  F.  S.  Collins's  high 
standing,  and  particular  thanks  are  due  him  for  careful  mention  of  lo- 
calities, and  interesting  notes  which  will  not  only  make  the  list  a  valua- 
ble guide  to  all  collectors  on  our  shores,  but  will  frequently  give  begin- 
ners a  useful  hint  about  the  names  of  their  specimens. 

Mr.  John  H.  Redfield  of  Philadelphia  has  taken  the  pains  to  collect  and 
press  specimens  for  me  during  his  visits  in  Naiitucket,  and  his  careful  ob- 
servations on  our  heaths  have  been  of  aid  in  confirming  my  own.  The 
names  of  other  contributors  will  be  found  in  the  catalogue  with  their  dis- 
coveries. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Morong  of  Ashland,  Mass,  visited  Nantucket  in  1887, 
and  explored  its  ponds  and  runs  of  water  as  thoroughly  as  a  two  weeks' 
stay  would  allow;  I  take  much  pleasure  in  giving  this  eminent  botanist's 
observations  in  his  own  words:— 

"The  aquatic  flora  of  Nantucket  presents  several  very  interesting  fea- 
tures. One  is  the  way  in  which  some  of  it  antagonizes  the  same  flora  on 
the  adjacent  mainland.  Plants  which  on  the  other  side  of  the  Sound  seem 
to  be  scarce,  or  shy  in  fruiting,  act  in  an  opposite  fashion  on  the  island. 
For  instance,  Potamogeton  pulcher,  Tuckerm,  and  P.  Oakesianus,  Robbins, 
are  rather  rare  on  the  main  shore,  and  when  occurring  rarely  yield  per- 
fect fruit,  but  in  many  of  the  small  ponds  of  Nantucket  these  species 
grow  literally  in  heaps,  and  bear  an  abundance  of  good  fruit.  The  same 
may  be  said  of  P.  pectinatus,  L.,  a  form  which  is  found  in  brackish  water. 
On  the  other  hand,  such  species  as  P.  perfoliatus,  L.  and  P.  pusillus,  L., 
which  are  extremely  common  and  prolific  on  the  mainland  are  quite  scarce 
in  the  Nantucket  waters. 

"The  same  is  true  of  Typha.  The  species  with  slender,  light  brown  spikes, 
known  as  T.  angustifolia,  L.,  is  wonderfully  prolific  on  the  island,  cover- 
ing whole  acres  of  bogs,  and  bearing  the  most  luxuriant  stalks,  and  an 
inflorescence  the  spikes  of  which  are  remarkable  for  their  variety  in  size 
and  shape,  while  the  other  North  American  species,  so  common  in  the  in- 
terior of  the  Northern  States,  T.  latifolia,  L.,  is  so  scarce  that  I  had  to 
hunt  for  a  long  time  before  I  could  find  any  specimens.  This  may  be 
accounted  for,  perhaps,  by  the  fact  that  T.  angustifolia,  L.  loves  the  sea- 


board,  and  rarely  occurs  inland  anywhere,  but  still,  after  making  a  special 
study  of  the  cat-tails,  I  am  bound  to  say  that  this  species  attains  a  greater 
perfection  in  Nantucket  than  in  any  locality  with  which  I  am  acquainted. 

"  I  also  found  in  several  of  the  island  ponds  Myriophyllum  ambiguum, 
Nutt,  producing  in  the  same  spot  all  the  forms  of  that  species  which  are 
described  in  Gray's  Manual.  In  that  little  pond  of  unsavory  local  appel- 
lation, "Rotten  Pumpkin,"  these  plants  had  filled  almost  every  inch  of 
the  water,  and  were  climbing  upon  themselves  in  their  eagerness  to  grow. 
Wherever  they  had  protruded  their  tops  above  the  surface,  the  pectinate 
emersed  leaves  appeared.  This  form  of  water-milfoil  is  seldom  found  on 
the  mainland  in  such  profusion  or  perfection. 

"Another  thing  of  interest  in  respect  to  the  aquatic  vegetation  of  Nan- 
tucket  is  the  fact  that  it  contains  a  few  species  of  plants  entirely  peculiar, 
and  apparently  the  remains  of  an  ancient  flora.  They  belong  to  the  order 
Characece,  which  is  remarkable  for  retaining  special  forms  in  the  same  lo- 
calities unchanged  for  generations  and  probably  for  centuries.  Nitella  Mor- 
ongii,  Allen,  n.sp.,  is,  so  far  as  we  know,  confined  to  one  small  pool  in 
Nantucket.  Chara  crinita,  Wallr.  var.  leptosperma,  A.  Br.,  and  Nitella 
batrachosperma,  A.  Br.,  are  not  known  to  occur  anywhere  else  in  North 
America.  This,  though  on  a  small  scale,  is  a  significant  fact.  It  would 
seem  to  have  an  important  bearing  upon  the  geological  history  of  the  re- 
gion, and  to  imply  that  these  peculiar  forms  have  been  preserved  by  a  re- 
mote isolation  of  the  island.  Being  subaqueous  plants,  the  spores  of  which 
are  rather  solid  and  sink  readily  into  the  mud,  they  could  not  be  easily 
transported  across  the  sound,  and  so  have  remained  in  situ  for  ages,  un- 
disturbed, while  all  the  other  plants  have  been  gradually  diverging  from 
the  ancient  types. 

"  I  might  also  speak  of  the  numerous  pot-holes  and  little  pools,  many 
of  which  become  dry  in  the  summer,  in  and  around  which  occur  many 
peculiar  plants  that  belong  to  a  more  southern  flora  than  that  of  the 
adjacent  mainland,  but  enough  has  been  said  to  show  that  the  vegetation 
of  Nantucket  presents  various  interesting  questions  worthy  of  the  atten- 
tion of  the  trained  botanist." 

And  it  is  not  only  living  botanists  who  have  assisted  in  the  work.  Wil- 
liam Oakes  visited  Nantucket  in  1829  ;  in  1841  and  again  in  1847,  he  re- 
ported the  rarer  plants  he  found  there  in  Hovey's  Magazine  of  Horticul- 
ture and  Botany.  The  late  Dr.  Robbins  of  Uxbridge  was  also  there  in 
1829,  and  President  Hitchcock  of  Amherst  in  1833.  Mr.  Thos.  A.  Greene 
of  New  Bedford  collected  on  the  island  before  1829,  and  is  known  to  have 
formed  an  herbarium, — whether  in  existence  now  this  writer  cannot  say. 


Mr.  Olney  of  Providence  went  in  1849  to  make  some  special  collections. 
From  all  these  sources  valuable  names  have  been  gleaned  for  the  list,  al- 
though few  in  number. 

Doubtful  specimens  have  been  submitted  to  Dr.  Gray,  Dr.  Sereno  Wat- 
son, Rev.  Thomas  Morong,  Prof.  Daniel  C.  Eaton,  Dr.  George  Vasey,  and 
Prof.  L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.,  and  all  have  most  kindly  given  decisions.  Mr. 
Warren  Upham,  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  revised  my  state- 
ments in  regard  to  the  geology  of  Nantucket  County,  drawn  indeed  from 
articles  of  his  on  the  same  subject.  I  have  many  a  pleasant  memory  of 
the  various  attentions  of  Mrs.  Matthew  Starbuck  and  other  Nantucket 
friends,  sending  me  specimens  of  what  they  thought  would  interest  me, 
and  taking  me  out  to  ponds  and  swamps  innumerable,  when  I  was  on  the 
island;  I  am  indebted  to  others  still  for  valuable  information  about  island 
matters  beyond  my  own  memory  ;  I  mention  by  name  Mr.  William  R. 
Easton  and  Mr.  Frederick  C.  Sanford,  but  all  will  please  accept  my  hearty 
thanks. 

It  is  cause  for  regret  that  there  is  no  herbarium  in  which  all  the  plants 
of  the  catalogue  may  be  seen  together  ;  but  the  Gray  Herbarium  at  the 
Botanic  Garden  in  Cambridge,  contains  probably  all  of  the  rarer  species, 
and  many  of  them  are  in  the  herbarium  of  the  Springfield  Botanical  So- 
ciety, while  specimens  both  rare  and  common  are  in  the  possession  of 
most  of  the  collectors  named  in  these  pages. 

I  know,  myself,  and  hold  in  faithful  remembrance,  many  more  favors 
and  kindnesses  than  I  have  told  from  all  who  have  given  friendly  aid, 
but  to  set  them  forth  to  others  would  take  a  small  volume.  To  these 
friends  and  to  all  lovers  of  the  fair  science  who  pursue  its  study  on  our 
breezy  commons  and  by  our  blue  ponds,  I  dedicate  my  work,  hoping  it 
may  guide  to  the  pleasant  paths  where  the  compiler  and  her  helpers  have 
walked  in  many  happy  seasons.  M.  L.  o. 

SPRINGFIELD,  MASS.,  July  1,  1888. 


Statistics  of  the  Catalogue. 


FLOWERING  PLANTS. 

Species  native  to  the  Nantucket  Flora 470 

Species  introduced 116 

Whole  number  of  species 586 

Varieties,  native  and  introduced 50 

Whole  number  of  species  and  varieties 636 

SYSTEMATIC  DISTRIBUTION. 

Species  and 
Genera.    Varieties. 

Polypetalse 104       169 

Gamopetalae 108      301 

Apetalse  29        70 

Whole  number  of  Dicotyledons 341      440 

Gymnospermae 3          3 

Monocotyledons 86      193 

Whole  number  of  flowering  plants  ....        339       636 

Flowerless  plants  excluding  algae 19        40 

Algae .  60      112 

Whole  number  of  flowerless  plants 79      153 

Farther  statistics  are  not  attempted,  as  they  would  be  misleading  unless 
qualified  by  analysis.  The  repeated  interference  with  the  natural  growth 
of  the  island  mentioned  in  the  preface,  has  left  a  flora  that  must  vary 
much  in  its  proportions  from  that  which  once  covered  the  surface.  About 
twenty  species  of  plants  not  counting  trees,  true  natives,  are  represented 
by  a  single  individual,  by  two,  or  by  a  small  group  or  patch  of  less 
than  a  dozen  plants.  These,  by  the  good  hap  of  growing  in  places  diffi- 
cult of  access,  too  deep  in  the  swamps  even  for  fire  to  reach  them,  have 
survived  the  destruction  of  the  rest  of  their  kind,  and  are  valuable  as 
indicating  a  larger  flora  than  now  prevails;  but  in  a  table  of  statistics 
they  ought  not  to  count  equally  with  the  huckleberry  bushes  that  over- 
spread the  hills,  and  the  leather-leaf  found  in  every  swamp.  What  is  left 
of  the  wild  growth  has  its  lessons  for  special  students,  but  each  one, 
knowing  what  he  wants,  will  be  obliged  to  reach  his  results  from  his  own 
count  with  its  necessary  deductions  and  qualifications. 


Explanation  of  the  Plan  of  the  Catalogue. 


In  the  arrangement  of  orders  Gray's  Manual  is  followed,  with  one  or 
two  exceptions  for  which  the  reason  will  be  readily  seen.  The  names  of 
the  plants  with  their  authorities  are  also  from  the  same  Manual  as  far 
as  they  occur  in  that  work,  but  when  a  name  has  been  changed  and  the 
new  one  has  been  accepted  by  botanists,  that  is  used  whenever  such  a 
decision  has  come  to  the  compiler's  knowledge,  and  the  Manual  name  is 
added  in  parenthesis  as  a  synonym. 

The  names  of  species  introduced  into  the  United  States  are  printed  in 
full-face  type;  some  true  natives  of  this  country  have  evidently  been  in- 
troduced into  Nantucket,  but  that  fact  is  indicated  by  some  remark,  and 
not  by  change  of  type. 

Whatever  is  to  be  said  of  the  nomenclature  and  classification  of  the 
algse  and  the  few  other  cryptogamous  plants,  will  be  found  with  those 
orders  in  the  body  of  the  catalogue. 

The  locality  is  given  of  species  confined  to  a  few  spots  or  to  one  only; 
when  it  is  omitted  it  may  be  inferred  that  the  plant  is  to  be  expected 
wherever  its  natural  habitat  occurs.  The  locality  of  many  others  more 
or  less  common  is  also  mentioned  for  the  aid  of  collectors. 

When  no  statement  is  made  in  regard  to  frequency  of  occurrence  it  is 
to  be  understood  that  the  plant  is  about  as  common  as  on  the  main  land. 
When  "common"  is  added  to  a  name,  it  means  that  the  species  is  rather 
prominent  in  the  island  flora. 

Localities  are  indicated  in  a  general  way;  Bloomingdale,  Hummock 
Pond,  &c.,  embrace  the  region  about  those  places. 

Mr.  Dame's  discoveries  are  so  numerous  that  I  have  marked  them  by 
his  initials  only,  "L.  L.  D."  For  the  same  reason  those  of  Judge  Church- 
ill and  Mr.  Deane,  when  they  have  collected  together,  are  marked  "C. 
&  D."  Those  names  without  credit  are  of  common  plants,  or  else  of 
those  which,  somewhat  rare,  have  yet  been  known  for  years  and  been  ob- 
served by  all. 

Escapes  from  cultivation  are  very  common  in  some  of  the  streets  of  the 
town;  one  may  often  see  outside  of  a  garden  fence  a  petunia,  a  larkspur, 
or  a  poppy,  but  these  and  many  others  are  so  plainly  accidents  of  a  sea- 
son, that  no  record  has  been  made  of  them. 


PH^ENOGAMIA. 

DICOTYLEDONS. 


RANUNCULACE^E. 
ANEMONE,  L. 

A.  nemorosa,  L.     WIND-FLOWER. 

THALICTRUM,  Tourn. 

T.  polygamum,  Muhl.    (T.  Cornuti,  L.)    TALL  MEADOW-RUE. 
A  few  depauperate  specimens  in  swamps  in  Squam.    L.  L.  D. 

RANUNCULUS,  L. 

R.  ambigens,  Watson.     (R.  atismcefolius,  Gray's  Manual,   not 

of  Geyer.) 

Small  bog  near  first  mile-stone.     C.  &  D. 
R.  Cymbalaria,  Pursh.     SEASIDE  CROW-FOOT. 

Marshes  near  the  South  Shore  and  elsewhere. 
R.  repens,  L. 

R.  bulbosus.  L.     BUTTERCUP. 
R.  acris,  L.     BUTTERCUP. 

t     COPTIS,  Salisb. 
C.  trifolia,  Salisb.     GOLDTHREAD. 

BERBERIDACE^E. 

BERBERIS,   L. 

B.  vulgaris,  L.     BARBERRY. 

One  plant  on  the  roadside  between  Bloomingdale  and  Sias- 
conset.     L.  L.  D. 

3  (13) 


14 

NYMPH^EACE^E. 

BRASENIA,  Schreb. 

B.  peltata,  Pursh.     WATER-SHIELD. 

JN  YMPH.22A,   -Lourn. 

N.  odorata,  Ait.     POND-LILY. 

The  flowers  reach  a  greater  size  than  in  the  interior  of  the 
state  ;  remarkably  large  specimens  are  sometimes  found  in 
shallow  ponds  nearly  dried  up  by  the  summer  heat. 

NUPHAR,  Smith. 

N.  ad  vena,  Ait.     YELLOW  POND-LILY. 
Not  common. 

SARRACENIACE^E. 

SARRACENIA,  Tourn. 

S.  purpurea,  L.     PITCHER-PLANT. 
Quaise,  Polpis,  &c.     Scarce. 

PAPAVERACEuE. 

CHELIDONIUM,  L. 

C.  majus,  L.     CELANDINE. 

CRUCIFER^:. 

CARDAMINE,  L. 

C.  hirsuta.  L.     SMALL  BITTER  CRESS. 
Ditch  west  of  the  town.     L.  L.  D. 

BARBAREA,  E.  Br. 

B.  vulgaris,  E.  Br.  First  reported  in  1883  by  Mrs.  Harriet 
Peirce,  who  noticed  it  as  something  new  in  a  yard  in  Pearl 
St.  opposite  her  sitting-room  window,  and  at  the  age  of 
eighty-nine  no  longer  able  to  walk  to  it,  sent  a  boy  to  get  it 
for  her. 


15 

SlSYMBRIUM,    L. 

S.  officinale,  Scop.     HEDGE-MUSTARD. 

BRASSICA,  Tourn. 

B.  nigra,  Gray.     BLACK-MUSTARD. 

B.  campestris,  L.     KUTABAGA.     TURNIP. 
In  waste  places. 

DRABA,  L. 

D.  verna,  L.     WHITLOW  GRASS. 

Abundant  near  the  Asylum  in  Orange  St.,  and  at  the  foot  of 
Pleasant  St.  Mrs.  Catharine  Starbuck  and  Miss  Florence  M. 
Merriam,  April,  1879. 

CAPSELLA,  Vent. 

C.  Bursa-pastoris,  Moench.     SHEPHERD'S  PURSE. 

LEPIDIUM,  L. 
L.  Virginicum,  L.     PEPPERGRASS. 

CAKILE,  Tourn. 

C.  Americana,  Nutt.    SEA  ROCKET. 
Common  on  the  beaches. 

RAPHANUS,  L. 
R.  Raphanistrum,  L.     WILD  RADISH.     CHARLOCK. 

RESEDACE^E. 

RESEDA,  L. 

R.  lutea,  L.     WILD  MIGNONETTE. 

This  plant,  not  mentioned  in  Gray's  Manual,  seems  thor- 
oughly established  in  a  pasture  in  Polpis,  making  a  patch 
about  a  rod  in  diameter.  It  does  not  seem  probable  that  it 
was  ever  cultivated  where  it  grows,  and  how  it  got  to  Nan- 
tucket  must  be  left  to  conjecture.  L.  L.  D.  August,  1886. 


16 

VIOLACE^. 

VIOLA,  L.     VIOLET. 

V.  lanceolata,  L.     LANCE-LEAVED  VIOLET. 

Very  common. 
V.  blanda,  Willd. 

V.  palmata,  L.,  var.    cucullata,  Gray.     (V.  cuc^lHata,  Ait.) 
V.  sagittata,  Ait. 
V.  pedata,  L.     BIRDFOOT  VIOLET. 

Albinos  not  uncommon. 

CISTACE^E. 

HELIANTHEMUM,  Tourn. 
H.  Canadense,  Michx.     FROST- WEED. 

HUDSONIA,    L. 

H.  ericoides,  L. 

H.  tomentosa,  Nutt. 

Both  species  abundant,  and  to  be  found  in  any  part  of  the 

island. 

LECHEA,  L.     PINWEED. 

L.  major,  Michx. 

L.  thymifolia,  Gray,  (L.  maritima,  W.  H.  Leggett.) 

L.  Novae-Caesareae,  C.  F.  Austin. 

L.  racemulosa,  Michx. 

The  first  three  species  are  common ;  the  last  is  credited  to 
Nantucket  by  Mr.  Leggett  in  the  Torrey  Bot.  Bulletin,  vol. 
6,  p.  252,  and  has  been  found  by  Mr.  Dame  near  Blooming- 
dale  and  on  Saul's  Hills. 

DROSERACE^E. 

DROSERA.  L.     SUNDEW. 

D.  rotundifolia,  L. 

D.  intermedia,  Drew  &  Hayne,  var.  Americana,  DC.     (D.  lon- 

gifolia,  L.) 
D.  filiformis,  Raf.    THREAD-LEAVED  SUNDEW. 

Neighborhood  of  Bloomingdale.    Edge  of  Tom  Never's  Pond. 


17 
HYPERICACE^E. 

ASCYRUM,    L. 

A.  Crux-Andreae,  \j.     St.  ANDREW'S  CROSS. 

Eastern  end  of  the  island  from  Wauwinet  to  Bloomingdale  ; 
very  scarce.     M.  L.  0.     L.  L.  D. 

HYPERICUM,  L.     ST.  JOHN'S- WORT. 

H.  adpressum,  Barton. 

Polpis,  M.  L.  0.     Small  ponds  near  Sesachacha,  L.  L.  D. 
H.  perforatum,  L. 
H.  maculatum,  Walter.     (H.  corymbosum,  Muhl.) 

Not  common. 
H.  mutilum,  L. 
H.  Canadense,  L. 
H.     nudicaule,    Walter.      (H.    Sarothra,    Michx.)      ORANGE 

GRASS.     PINE-WEED. 

Abundant  on  the  commons. 

ELODEA,  Juss.    MARSH  ST.  JOHN'S  WORT. 

E.  campanulata,  Pursh.     (JZlodes  Virginica,  Nutt.) 
Common  in  bogs. 

ELATINACE^E. 

ELATINE,  L.     WATER-WORT. 

E.   Americana,  Arnott. 

Ice  Pond.     Almanac  Pond,  M.  L.  0.     Maxcy's  Pond,     Mo- 
rong. 

CARYOPHYLLACEiE. 

DlANTHUS,    L. 

D.  Armeria,  L.     DEPTFORD  PINK. 

Two  plants  growing  in  a  sheep  pasture  between  Blooming- 
dale  and  Siasconset.     L.  L.  D. 


18 
SAPONARIA,  L. 

S.  officinalis,  L.     SOAPWORT. 

Streets  and  fields  on  the  western  edge  of  the  town ;  usually 
double.  Local  name,  "Bunch  of  Keys." 

SILENE,  L. 

S.  inflata,  Smith.     BLADDER  CAMPION. 

Scarce. 
S.  Armeria,  L.     SWEET-WILLIAM  CATCHFLY. 

An  escape  ;  not  common.     Miss  Kite. 

LYCHNIS,  Tourn. 

L.  vespertina,  Sibth.     EVENING  LYCHNIS. 

One  plant  with  staminate  flowers  in  Gunter  Alley  in  town. 

M.  L.  0.     1883. 
L.  Githago,   Lam.     CORN   COCKLE.      Local  name   "French 

Pink."    Seen  occasionally  in  fields. 

ARENARIA,  L.    SANDWORT. 

A.  serpyllifolia,  L. 

A.  lateriflora,  L. 
Siasconset,  M.  L.  0.     South  Shore,  Win.  L.  Foster. 

A.  peploides,  L.     BEACH  SANDWORT. 

North  Beach,  Wauwinet,  Siasconset  and  South  Shore  ;  prob- 
ably along  the  whole  shore  of  the  island.  Abundant  from 
Siasconset  to  Sancoty. 

STELLARIA,  L. 
S.  media,  Smith.     CHICKWEED. 

CERASTIUM,  L. 

C.  viscosum,  L.     MOUSE-EAR  CHICKWEED. 
Very  abundant  on  the  commons,   bearing  flowers  of  larger 
size  than  on  the  main  land. 


19 

SAGINA,  L.     PEARLWORT. 

S.  procumbens,  L. 
Siasconset,  Sancoty,  &c. 

LEPIGONUM,  Fries.     SANDWORT. 

L.  rubrum,  Fries.     (Spergularia  rubra,  Presl.  var.  campestris, 

Gray.) 
L.  salinum,  Fries.     (S.  saUna,  Presl.) 

Polpis  marshes,  growing  with  L.  medium.     L.  L.  D. 
L.  medium,  Fries.     (S.  media,  Presl.) 

Common  near  the  shore  and  on  pond  borders. 

SPERQULA,  L.     CORN  SPURREY. 

S.  arvensis,  L. 

Rather  common  in  cultivated  fields. 

+ 

ILLECEBRACE^E. 

SCLERANTHUS,    L. 

S.  annuus,  L.     KNAWEL. 


MOLLUGO,    L. 

M.  verticillata,  L.     CARPET-WEED. 

PORTULACACE^E. 
P.  oleracea,  L.     PURSLANE. 

MALVACEAE. 

MALTA,  L. 
M.  rotundifolia,  L.     COMMON  MALLOW, 

HIBISCUS,  L. 

H.  Moscheutos,  L.     MARSH  HIBISCUS. 

Eastern  end  of  the  island,  in  occasional  patches  between  Cos- 
katy  and  Sancoty,  and  at  Keed  Pond. 


20 

LINAGES. 

LINUM,  L.     FLAX. 
L.  Virginianum,  L. 
L.  sulcatum,  Riddell. 
Polpis.     J.  R.  Churchill. 

GERANIACE^. 

GERANIUM,  L. 

G.  maculatum,  L.     WOOD  GERANIUM. 
G.  Carolinianum,  L. 

Abundant  in  a  field  near  the  west  end  of  Sesachacha.  L.  L.  D. 
G.  Robertianum,  L.     HERB  ROBERT. 

Occasional  under  red  cedars,  on  Coatue  near  the  Head  of  the 
Harbor.  L.  L.  D. 

ERODIUM.     L'Her. 

E.  cicutarium,  L'Her.     STORK'S  BILL. 

Gay  St.  1850.  One  plant  near  Mr.  Jas.  M.  Bunker's  front 
steps.  Academy  Lane,  1851.  One  plant  near  the  gate  of 
Mr.  Bunker's  back  yard.  M.  L.  0. 

IMPATIENS,  L.    TOUCH-ME-NOT.    JEWEL-WEED. 

I.  fulva,  Nutt. 

Mr.  Dame  finds  at  Eatfire  a  variety  closely  resembling  that 
mentioned  in  the  Manual  under  7.  fulva. 

OXALIS,  L.    WOOD-SORREL. 
0.  corniculata,  L.,  var.  stricta,  Sav.     (0.  stricta,  L.) 

ANACARDIACE^. 

RHUS,  L.     SUMACH. 
R.  glabra,  L. 
R.  copallina,  L. 

Siasconset,  Wauwinet,  &c. 
R.  venenata,  DC.     POISON  SUMACH. 

Abundant  in  Gibbs's  Swamp,  and  occasional  opposite  Bloom- 

ingdale  and  in  Polpis. 


21 

R.  Toxicodendron,  L.     POISON  IVY. 

Both  the  climbing  and  erect  forms  abundant. 

VITACEiE. 

VITIS,  Tourn. 

V.  Labrusca,  L.     Fox  GRAPE. 

Abundant  in  the  swamps  at  Polpis,  Squam,  &c. 
V.  aBstivalis,  Michx.     SUMMER  GRAPE. 

A  single  plant  in  Tom  N'ever's  Swamp.     L.  L.  D.  1886. 

AMPELOPSIS,  Michx. 
A.  quinquefolia,  Michx.     VIRGINIA  CREEPER. 

SAPINDACE^. 

ACER,  Tourn. 
A.  rubrum,  L.     RED  MAPLE. 

Common  in  the  swamps,  in  a  dwarfed  condition. 

POLYGALACEu®. 

POLTGALA,  Tourn. 
P.  sanguinea,  L. 
P.  cruciata,  L. 
P.  verticillata,  L. 
P.  polygama,  Walt.     BITTER  POLYGALA.     Local  name  "  Cen- 

taury." 

Very  abundant  on  the  commons.     Albinos  found  sometimes. 

LEGUMINOS^E. 

TRIFOLIUM,  L. 

T.  arvense,  L.     RABBIT-FOOT  CLOVER. 
T.  pratense,  L.     RED  CLOVER. 
T.  repens,  L.     WHITE  CLOVER. 
T.  agrarium,  HOP-CLOVER. 
T.  procumbens,  L.     Low  HOP-CLOVER. 
T,  hybridum,  L.    ALSIKE. 
Washing  Pond,  J.  R.  Churchill.     A  patch  in  town,  L.  L.  D. 


22 

ULEX,  L.    FUKZE.    GOESE. 

U.  Europaeus,  L.  Introduced  by  John  O'Connell  about  the 
year  1860.  Growing  still  on  his  farm  near  Hummock  Pond  ; 
it  seems  well  established  there,  and  has  spread  both  within 
the  fence  arid  along  the  road  on  the  outside. 

CYTISUS,  L. 

C.  scoparius,  Link.     SCOTCH  BROOM. 

One  plant  well  established  near  the  furze  bushes  of  the  O'Con- 
nell farm.     J.  H.  Redfield. 

MELILOTUS,  Tourn. 
M.  alba,  Lam.     SWEET  CLOVER. 

MEDICAGO,  L. 

M.  lupulina,  L.     NONESUCH. 
About  the  old  wharves,  L.  L.  D. 

TEPHROSIA.     Pers. 

T.  Virginiana,  Pers.     INDIAN  BEAN.     (Local  name.) 

Common.     A  form  with  all  the  petals  of  a  pale  straw  color 
found  near  Miacomet. 

DESMODIUM,  DC.    TICK-TREFOIL. 

D.  ciliare,  DC.     J.  E.  Churchill. 

LESPEDEZA,  Michx.     BUSH-CLOVER. 
L.  procumbens,  Michx. 
L.  violacea,  Pers. 

L.  hirta,  Ell.     Occasional  amongst  the  pines  near  the  Agricul- 
tural Grounds,  and  on  the  commons  east  of  the  town.  C.  &  D. 
L.  capitata,  Michx. 

CORONILLA,  L. 
C.  varia,  DC.     PINK  CORONILLA. 

Escaped  at  Siasconset,  L.  L.  D.     On  the  edge  of  the  town, 
W.  Deane.     No  seed  pods  have  ever  been  found. 


VICIA,  Tourn.     VETCH.     TARE. 

V.  sativa,  L. 

Occasional  in  door-yards  and  old  fields. 

LATHTEUS,  L. 

L.  maritimus,  Big.     BEACH  PEA. 
L.  paluster,  L.     MARSH  VETCHLING. 

Marshes  north  of  the  Creeks.     M.  L.  0.     Hummock  Pond. 

J.  H.  Redfield. 

APIOS,  Boerh. 

A.  tuberosa,  Moench.     GROUND-NUT. 
Tom  Never's  Pond  and  elsewhere. 

AMPHICARP^JA,  Ell. 

A.  monoica,  Nutt.    HOG  PEA-NUT. 

BAPTISIA,  Vent. 

B.  tinctoria,  R.  Br.     WILD  INDIGO. 

CASSIA,  L. 

C.  Chamaecrista,  L.     DWARF  CASSIA. 

A  small  patch  on  the  outside  of  the  town,  on  the  road  to 
Quaise  ;  found  also  in  Quaise. 

[The Kentucky  Coffee  Tree,  (Oymnodadus  Canadensis,  Lam.) 
in  a  yard  in  Coffin  St.  has  grown  from  a  young  plant  set  out 
by  Mr.  Samuel  H.  Jenks  about  the  year  1840.] 

ROSACES. 

PRUNUS,  Tourn. 

P.  maritima,  Wang.     BEACH  PLUM. 

Occasional.     Found  in  the  interior  of  the  island  as  well  as 

near  the  shore. 
P.  serotina,  Ehrh.     WILD  BLACK  CHERRY. 

Occasional. 


BRANDEGEE  HERBARIUM 


24 

SPIR^A,  L. 

S.  salicifolia,  L.     MEADOW-SWEET. 

Not  very  common. 
S.  tomentosa,  L.     HARDBACK. 

Bare  ;  racemes  depauperate.     L.  L.  D. 

AGRIMONIA,  Tourn. 
A.  Eupatoria,  L.     AGRIMONY. 

GEUM,  L.  AVENS. 

G.  album,  Gmelin. 
G.  Virginianum,  L. 

POTENTILLA,    L.      ClNQUE-FOIL. 

P.  Norvegica,  L. 
P.  Canadensis,  L.     FIVE-FINGER. 
P.  Canadensis,  L.,  var.  simplex,  Torr.  &  Gray. 
P.  argentea,  L. 

P.  Anserina,  L.     SILVER-WEED. 
Eatfire,  Polpis,  &c. 

FRAGARIA,  Tourn.     STRAWBERRY. 

F.  Virginiana,  Ehrh. 

Scarce. 
F.  vesca,  L. 

Rare.     L.  L.  D. 

RUBUS,  Tourn.    BRAMBLE. 

R.  triflorus,  Richards. 

Bog  near  Sancoty  ;  rare.     L.  L.  D. 
R.  strigosus,  Michx.     RED  RASPBERRY. 

Not  common.     L.  L.  D.     J.  H.  Redfield. 
R.  villosus,  Ait.     HIGH  BLACKBERRY. 
R.  Canadensis,  L.     DEWBERRY. 
R.  hispidus,  L.     RUNNING  SWAMP  BLACKBERRY. 


25 

ROSA,  Tourn. 

R.  Carolina,  L.     SWAMP  ROSE. 

R.  iucida,  Ehrh.     DWARF  WILD-ROSE. 

CRAT^GUS,  L. 

C.  tomentosa,  L.,  var.  punctata,  Gray.     BLACK  THORN. 

C.  Crus-galli,  L.     COCKSPUR  THORN. 

A  hedge  enclosing  a  tract  of  land  west  of  the  town,  set  out 
by  William  Henry  Gardner  about  1830,  to  shield  young  mul- 
berry trees  ;  Mr.  Gardner  also  planted  another  hedge  in  a 
lot  across  the  Creeks.  Although  the  shrub  is  a  native  of 
America  no  wild  plant  has  yet  been  reported  on  the  island. 

PlRUS,    L. 

P.  arbutifolia,  L.     CHOKE-BERRY. 

AMELANCHIER,  Medic. 
A.  Canadensis,  Torr.  &  Gray.     SHAD-BUSH.     SERVICE-BERRY. 

SAXIFRAGACE^E. 

RlBES,    L. 

R.  hirtellum,  Michx.     GOOSEBERRY. 
Rather  common  in  thickets. 

CRASSULACE^:. 

TlLL^A,    L. 

T.  simplex,  Nutt. 

"  On  the  dried  borders  of  small  ponds  at  Nan  tucket."  Oakes. 
1829,  Hovey's  Magazine  of  Horticulture  and  Botany.  Vol. 
VII.  Not  reported  since. 

SEDUM,  Tourn. 

S.  acre,  L.     MOSSY  STONE-CROP. 
Sparingly  escaped.     L.  L.  D. 


26 

HALORAGE^. 

MYRIOPHYLLUM,  Vaill.     WATER-MILFOIL. 

M.  ambiguum,  Nutt.,  the  type  form  and  var.  capillaceum,  Gray. 
Both  are  abundant  in  Rotten  Pumpkin  and  Paddock  Ponds. 
Morong. 

(Note  by  Mr.  Morong.  I  do  not  believe  that  var.  natans, 
Gray,  or  the  type,  if  that  variety  is  to  be  considered  the  type, 
and  var.  capillaceum,  Gray,  can  be  kept  distinct,  for  in  both 
these  ponds  the  plant  is  at  first  var.  capillaceum  while  im- 
mersed, but  very  soon  it  gets  its  head  above  water,  and  im- 
mediately forms  pectinate  leaves, — that  is,  becomes  the  type, 
as  described  in  Gray's  Manual.  I  have  plenty  of  specimens 
in  both  conditions  which  grew  together.) 

M.  tenellum,  Big. 
Cain's  Pond,  1858.     M.  L.  0. 

PROSERPINACA,  L. 
P.  palustris,  L.     MERMAID- WEED. 

ONAGRACE^. 

CIRCLEA,  Tourn.     ENCHANTER'S  NIGHTSHADE. 
C.  Lutetiana,  L. 

EPILOBIUM,  L.     WILLOW-HERB. 

E.  hirsutum,  L. 

Raised  in  or  about  1855  in  a  garden  in  Union  St.,  from  which 
it  gradually  spread  by  seed,  until  it  is  now  well  established  in 
many  waste  places  about  town,  and  is  found  sometimes  in  the 
fields. 

E.  palustre,  L.,  var.  lineare,  Gray. 

E.  coloratum,  Muhl. 
Wet  borders  of  Madequecham  Pond  and  elsewhere. 

(ENOTHERA,  L. 
(E.  biennis,  L.     EVENING  PRIMROSE. 


27 

LUDWIGIA,    L. 

L.  palustris,  Ell. 

MELASTOMACE^E. 

RHEXIA,  L.     DEER-GRASS. 
R.  Virginica,  L.     Quaise,  &c. 

LYTHRACE^E. 

LYTHRUM,  L. 

L.  Salicaria,  L.     PURPLE  LOOSESTRIFE. 
A  few  plants,  in  danger  of  extinction,  near  Long  Pond. 


,  Comm.    Juss. 

N.  verticillata,  H.  B.  K.     SWAMP  LOOSESTRIFE. 
Very  common  ;  abundant  on  the  edge  of  ponds  and  in  peat 
holes  in  various  localities. 

CACTACEiE. 

OPUNTIA,  Tourn.     PRICKLY  PEAR. 

0.  yulgaris,  Mill. 

0.  Rafinesquii,  Engelm. 

Both  species  quite  abundant  on  Coatue,  the  northern  limit  of 

the  genus  on  the  Atlantic  coast. 

CUCURBITACE/E. 

SICTOS,  L. 
S.  angulatus,  L.     ONE-SEEDED  STAR  CUCUMBER. 

ECHINOCYSTIS,  Torr.  &  Gray. 

E.  lobata,  Torr.  &  Gray.     WILD  BALSAM  APPLE. 
About  yards  ;  probably  introduced. 


28 
UMBELLIFERJE. 

HTDEOCOTYLE,  Tourn.     WATER- PENNYWORT. 

H.  umbellata,  L. 

Very  common  ;  probably  on  the  muddy  edge  of  every  pond 
on  the  island. 

(Note  by  Mr.  Morong.  In  Long  Pond  I  found  it  growing  in 
masses  in  water  two  or  three  feet  deep,  and  sending  out  root- 
lets at  each  joint. ) 

DAUCUS,  Tourn. 

D.  Carota,  L.     CARROT. 
Too  common  ;  a  great  pest  over-running  entire  fields. 

HERACLEUM,  L. 

H.  lanatum,  Michx.     COW-PARSNIP. 
Squam  ;  thickets  near  Sesachacha  and  elsewhere. 

- 

LlGUSTICUM,    L. 

L.  Scoticum,  L.     SCOTCH  LOVAGE. 
Pocomo. 

DISCOPLEURA,  DC. 

D.  capillacea,  DC.     MOCK  BISHOP- WEED. 
Abundant  in  almost  any  wet  place. 

SIUM,  L. 

S.  lineare,  Michx. 

Rotten  Pumpkin  and  Cato's  Ponds  and  elsewhere. 

ARALIACE^. 

ARALTA,  Tourn. 
A.  nudicaulis,  L.     Not  common. 


29 
CORNACE^E. 

CORNUS,  Tourn. 

C.  Canadensis,  L.     DWARF  CORNEL. 

Scarce. 
C.  florida,  L.     FLOWERING  DOGWOOD. 

Rare  ;  only  two  or  three  plants  reported. 

NYSSA,  L. 

N.  multiflora,  Wang.     TUPELO.     PEPPERIDGE. 

Abundant  in  Bloomingdale  swamp,  also  in  swamps  near  Pol- 
pis  and  Wauwinet.  It  assumes  a  shrubby  character,  seldom 
rising  to  the  height  of  a  tree.  L.  L.  D. 

CAPRIFOLIACE^:. 

Gronov. 


L.  borealis,  Gronov.     TWIN-FLOWER. 

A  patch  15  to  20  feet  in  diameter  discovered  in  the  pines,  in 
1868  or  1869  by  Mr.  L.  L.  Dame.  A  patch  in  the  pines  on 
the  South  Shore  road  discovered  in  1872  by  Miss  C.  L.  Tal- 
lant.  In  1886  Mr.  Dame  looked  in  vain  for  his  plants  ;  the 
pines  had  been  partly  killed,  and  the  Linnaea  seemed  to  have 
gone  with  them.  Miss  Tallant  saw  her  patch  not  more  than 
two  years. 

SAMBUCUS,  Tourn. 

S.  Canadensis,  L.     ELDER. 
Common. 


VIBURNUM,  L. 

V.  dentatum,  L.     ARROW-WOOD. 

Rather  rare. 

V.  molle,  Michx.     Much  more  abundant. 
5 


30 

RUBIACE^E. 

GALITJM,  L.     CLEAVERS. 

G.  trifidum,  L. 

G.  triflorum,  Michx. 

G.  pilosum,  Ait. 

Coskaty,  Quidnit,  &c. 
G.  circaezans,  Michx.     WILD  LIQUORICE. 

CEPHALANTHUS,  L. 

C.  occidentalis,  L.     BUTTON-BUSH. 
Very  common. 

MITCHELLA,  L. 

M.  repens,  L.     PARTRIDGE-BERRY. 

Scarce.     Trot  Swamp,  M.  L.  0.     Polpis,  L.  L.  D. 

HOUSTONIA,  L. 

H.  purpurea,  L.,  var.  longifolia,  Gray. 

Near  Long  Pond.     L.  L.  D. 
H.  cserulea,  L. 

Very  common. 

COMPOSITE. 

LIATRIS,  Schreb.     BLAZING-STAR. 

L.  scariosa,  Willd. 
Very  abundant  on  the  commons.     Albinos  not  infrequent. 

EUPATORIUM,  Touru. 

E.  teucrifolium,  Willd. 

E.  rotundifolium,  L.     J.  K.  Churchill. 

E.  rotundifolium,  L.,  var.  ovatum,  Torr.    (E.  pubescens,  Muhl.) 

E.  perfoliatum,  L.     THOROUGHWORT. 

SERICOCARPUS,  Nees.     WHITE-TOPPED  ASTER. 

S.  solidagineus,  Nees. 
S.  conyzoides,  Nees. 


31 
ASTER,  L. 

A.  spectabilis,  Ait.     SHOWY  ASTER. 

A.  concolor,  L. 

A.  patens,  Ait. 

A.  undulatus,  L. 

Rather  common.     Plains  opposite  Bloomingdale. 

A.  ericoides,  L.     HEATH-LIKE  ASTER. 

A.  dumosus,  L.     BUSHY  ASTER. 

A.  Novi-Belgii,  L.,  var.  litoreus,  Gray. 

A.  subulatus,  Michx.    (A.  UnifoUus,  L.)    ANNUAL  SEA  ASTER. 

A.  umbellatus,  Mill.     (Diplopappusiimbellatus,Torr.  &  Graj.) 

A.  linariifolius,  L.     (Diplopappus  linariifolius,   Hook.)     SA- 
VORY-LEAVED ASTER. 

ERIGERON,  L.    FLEABANE. 

E.  Canadensis,  L.     HORSE-WEED. 
E.  strigosus,  Muhl.     DAISY  FLEABANE. 
E.  strigosus,  Muhl.,  var.  discoideus,  Bobbins. 
Fields  about  Bloomingdale  and  elsewhere. 

SOLIDAGO,    L.    GOLDENROD. 

S.  csesia,  L. 

S.  puberula,  Nutt. 

S.  sempervirens,  L.     MARSH  GOLDENROD. 

Quite  abundant  at  the  Cliff,  and  at  Brant  Point. 
S.  Elliottii,  T.  &  Gr.     (S.  elliptica,  Ait.) 
S.  neglecta,  T.  &  Gr. 

S.  neglecta,  T.  &  Gr.,  var.  linoides,  Gray.     (8.  linoides,  Sol.) 
S.  rugosa,  Mill.     (S.  altissima,  L.) 
S.  ulmifolia,  Muhl. 

Common  near  Hummock  Pond.     Mr.  Walter  Deane. 
S.  odora,  Ait.     SWEET  GOLDENROD. 

Not  uncommon  between  Bloomingdale  and  Tom  Never's  Head. 
The  scentless  form   (var.   inodora  of    the   Manual)  found  in 

Squam.     M.  L.  0. 


32 

S.  nemoralis,  Ait.     GREY  GOLDENEOD. 

Has  a  peculiar,  almost  prostrate  way  of  growing  in  many 

places.  C.  &  D. 
S.  Canadensis,  L. 
S.  Canadensis,  L.,  var.  procera,  Gray. 

On  the  commons  between  Gibbs's  Pond  and  town.  W.  Deane- 
S.  serotina,  Ait.,  var.  gigantea,  Gray.     (S.  serotina  of  Man.) 
S.  lanceolata,  L. 
S.  tenuifolia,  Pursh. 

Very  common. 

CHRYSOPSIS,  Nutt. 

C.  falcata,  Ell.     GOLDEN  ASTER. 
Everywhere. 

PLUCHEA,  Cass. 

P.  camphorata,  DC.     SALT-MARSH  FLEABANE. 

Common  in  the  salt  marshes  ;  very  luxuriant  about  Coskaty 
Pond. 

BACCHARIS,  L. 

B.  halimifolia,  L.     GROUNDSEL-TREE. 

Discovered  at  Coskaty  by  Mr.  Nathaniel  Tallant  in  1849.  At 
that  time  the  trees  were  healthy  and  rather  numerous,  but 
there  are  few  left  now.  Some  twenty  years  ago  there  was  a 
clump  at  the  Head  of  the  Harbor,  standing  in  the  salt  water 
which  had  come  up  to  their  location  apparently  from  the 
washing  away  of  the  beach.  They  were  nearly  dead,  and 
probably  no  vestige  of  them  now  remains. 

AMBROSIA,  Tourn. 
A.  artemisiaefolia,  L.     RAGWEED. 

XANTHIUM,  Tourn.     COCKLEBUR. 

X.  Canadense,   Mill.,  var.  echinatum,  Gr.     (X.  strumarium, 
L.,  var.  echinatum.  Gray.) 
Common  near  the  ocean. 


33 

RUDBECKIA,  L.     CONE-FLOWER. 

R.  hirta,  L. 

There  is  no  record  of  the  first  appearance  of  this  plant  in 
Nantucket  ;  it  was  probably  about  1878.  Rather  common  at 
Siasconset  now,  and  becoming  so  in  other  parts  of  the  island. 

HELIANTHUS,  L.    SUNFLOWER. 

H.  strumosus,  L. 

Wauwinet,  C.  &  D. 
H.  divaricatus,  L. 
II.  tuberosus,  L.     JERUSALEM  ARTICHOKE. 

Sparingly  escaped.     L.  L.  D. 

BIDENS,  L.    BUR-MARIGOLD. 

B.  connata,  Muhl.     BEGGAR-TICKS. 

B.  cernua,  L.     Near  Miacomet  and  elsewhere.     C.  &  D. 

B.  chrysanthemoides,  Michx. 

ANTHEMIS,  L. 
A.  Cotula,  L.    (Maruta  Cotula,  DC.)    MAY-WEED. 

ACHILLEA,  L. 

A.  Millefolium,  L.     YARROW. 

The  form  with  pink  flowers  not  uncommon. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM,  Tourn.     (Leucanthemum,  Tourn.) 

C.  Leucanthemum,  L.     (L.  vulgare,   Lam.)     WHITE- WEED. 
DAISY. 

C.  Parthenium,  Pers.     FEVERFEW. 
Sparingly  escaped. 

TANACETUM,  Tourn.     TANSY. 

T.  vulgare,  L. 

Occasional  by  roadsides;  the  form  "  var.  crispum"  rare. 


34 

ARTEMISIA,  L.     WORMWOOD. 

A.  caudata,  Michx. 

Common. 
A.  vulgaris,  L.     MUG  WORT. 

GNAPHALIUM,  L. 

G.  polycephalum,  Michx.     LIFE  EVERLASTING. 
G.  uliginosum,  L.     CUDWEED. 
G.  purpureum,  L. 
Rare.     S.  T.  Olney. 

ANTENNARIA,  Gaertn. 
A.  plantaginifolia,  Hook.     PLANTAIN-LEAVED  EVERLASTING. 

ANAPHALIS,  DC. 

A.  margaritacea,  Benth  &  Hook.     (Antennaria  margaritacea, 
R.  Br.)  SILVER  BUTTON  (local  name).     Very  common. 

ERECHTHITES,  Raf. 
E.  hieracifolia,  Raf.     FIREWEED. 

SENECIO,  L. 

S.  vulgaris,  L.     GROUNDSEL. 
A  weed  in  cultivated  grounds  ;  not  very  common. 

CNICUS,  Tourn.     (Cirsium,  Tourn.,  of  Manual.) 

C.  lanceolatus,  Hoffm.     COMMON  THISTLE. 

C.  altissiinus,  Willd.,  var.   discolor,  Gray.     (Cirsium  discolor, 

Spreng. ) 

Coskaty. 
C.  pumilus,  Torr.     PASTURE  THISTLE. 

Very  common  ;  almost  white  flowers  found. 
C.  horridulus,  Pursh.     YELLOW  THISTLE. 

Common. 
C.  arvensis,  Hoffm.     CANADA  THISTLE. 

Common. 


35 

ARCTIUM,  L. 

A.  Lappa,  L.,    yar.   minus,  Gr.      (Lappa  officinalis,  All., 
var.  minor,  Gr.)     BURDOCK. 

CICHORIUM,  Tourn. 

C.  Intybus,  L.     SUCCORY.    CHICORY. 
At  the  south  end  of  Orange  St.  scattered  along  the  roadside, 
where  it  has  been  known  for  fifty  years,  and  never,  apparent- 
ly, any  more  or  any  less  abundant  than  now.     Mr.  Dame  re- 
ports two  plants  in  Siasconset  and  a  few  in  Polpis,  in  1886. 

KRIGIA,  Schreb. 
K.  Virginica,  Willd.     DWARF  DANDELION. 

LEONTODON,  L.,  Juss. 

L.  autumnale,  L.     FALL  DANDELION. 
Very  common. 

HIERACIUM,  Tourn. 

H.  Canadense,  Michx.     CANADA  HAWKWEED. 

H.  Gronovii,  L. 

H.  venosum,  L.     KATTLESNAKE-WEED. 

PRENANTHES,  Vaill. 
P.  alba,  L.     (Ndbalus  albus,  Hook.)    RATTLESNAKE-ROOT. 

TARAXACUM,  Haller.    DANDELION. 
T.  officinale,  Web.     (T.  Dens-Leonis,  Desf.) 

LACTUCA,  Tourn. 

L.  Canadensis,  L.     WILD  LETTUCE. 

L.  hirsuta,  Muhl.     (L.    Canadensis,  L.,  var.  sanguinea,  Torr. 

&  Gr.) 

Peat-hole  near  Sesachacha,  L.  L.  D.,  and  on  the  commons 

near  the  Washing  Pond,  J.  E.  Churchill. 


36 

SONCHUS,  L.     SOW-THISTLE. 

S.  oleraceus,  L. 
S.  asper,  Vill. 
Both  species  about  cellar-holes,  wharves,  etc.     L.  L.  D. 

LOBELIACE^E. 

LOBELIA,  L. 
L.  cardinalis,  L.     CARDINAL-FLOWER. 

Quaise  and  Polpis. 
L.  inflata,  L.     INDIAN  TOBACCO. 

CAMPANULACEiE. 

SPECULARIA,  Heister. 
S.  perfoliata,  A.  DC.     VENUS'S  LOOKING-GLASS. 

ERICACEAE. 

GAYLUSSACIA,  H.  B.  K.     HUCKLEBERRY. 

G.  duinosa,  Torr.  &  Gray.     DWARF  HUCKLEBERRY. 

Common  between   Bloomingdale   and   Tom   Never's   Head; 

found  also  at  Quaise,  Polpis,  &c. 

G.  frondosa,  Torr.  &  Gray.     Not  very  common.     L.  L.  D. 
G.  resinosa,  Torr.  &  Gray.     BLACK  HUCKLEBERRY. 

Very  common. 

VACCINIUM,  L. 

V.  Oxycoccus,  L.     SMALL  CRANBERRY. 

Very  common  in  low,  wet  grounds. 
V.  macrocarpon,  Ait.  CRANBEHRY. 
V.  Pennsylvanicum,  Lam.  DWARF  BLUEBERRY. 

Abundant.     A  form  at  Tom   Never's   Head   (var.    nigrum, 

Wood)  distinguished  by  leaves  of  a  darker  green,  and  shining 

black  berries  destitute  of  bloom.     L.  L.  D. 
V.  vacillans,  Soland.     Low  BLUEBERRY. 

Rather  common. 

V.  corymbosum,  L.     SWAMP  BLUEBERRY. 
V.  corymbosum,  L.,  var.  atrococcum,  Gray. 


37 

CHIOGENES,  Salisb. 

0.  hispidula,  Torr.  &  Gray.     CREEPING  SNOWBERRY. 
In  a  peat  hole  near  Polpis  ;  rare.     L.  L.  D. 

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS,  Adans.     BEAR-BERRY. 

A.  Uva-ursi,  Spreng.     (Local  name,  "Meal-plum.") 
Very  abundant  and  luxuriant  in  growth. 

EPIG^A,  L.    TRAILING  AR'BUTUS. 

E.  repens,  L. 

Once  abundant  and  of  luxuriant  growth  under  the  scrub-oaks 
on  the  commons  ;  still  rather  frequent  near  Hummock  Pond, 
on  the  William  Worth  road  and  elsewhere.  Generally  called 
" Mayflower  "  in  Nantucket.  To  collect  the  flowers  of  this 
plant,  its  long  stems  are  usually  torn  up  by  the  yard,  stripped 
of  the  desirable  clusters,  and  then  thrown  down  to  die.  This 
is  done  in  ignorance  of  the  fact  that  the  plant  is  a  trailing 
shrub,  and  that  its  woody  stems  represent  the  growth  of 
years.  As  it  rarely  seeds,  it  is  important  to  leave  these  long 
runners  unhurt,  or  extinction  will  surely  follow. 

GAULTHERIA,  Kalm.     WINTERGREEN. 

G.  procumbens,  L.    IVORY  PLUM.    IVY  PLUM.    (Local  names.) 
Rather  common. 

CASSANDRA,  Don. 

C.  calyculata,  Don.     LEATHER-LEAF. 
Abundant. 

ANDROMEDA,  L. 
A.  ligustrina,  Muhl. 

CLETHRA,  L. 

C.  alnifolia,  L.     ALDER-LEAVED  CLETHRA. 
Very  common  in  the  swamps  and  thickets. 


38 
CALLUNA,  Salisb. 

C.  vulgaris,  Salisb.     LING.     HEATHER. 

A  single  plant  discovered  in  1880  by  Charles  Thomas,  Jr.  and 
Lawrence  Coffin,  both  school  boys  at  the  time.  It  is  on  the 
open  common  far  from  cultivated  ground,  and  its  introduc- 
tion by  human  agency  seems  highly  improbable.  Mr.  J.  H. 
Redfield,  who  has  visited  the  island  on  purpose  to  examine  its 
three  heaths,  thinks  that  the  appearance  of  the  plant  and  the 
size  of  the  stock  indicate  a  very  considerable  age.  In  1886  a 
second  plant  was  detected  by  Lawrence  Coffin,  but  this  one  in 
a  nursery  belonging  to  Mr.  Henry  Coffin,  amongst  imported 
pine  trees  (Pinus  sylvestris,  L. )  brought  probably  from  Scot- 
land. Other  specimens  were  found  the  next  year  in  the  same 
lot,  and  many  vigorous  young  seedlings,  so  that  the  plant 
seems  likely  to  become  established. 

ERICA,  L.     HEATH. 

E.  cinerea,  L.    BELL  HEATHER. 

A  single  plant  discovered  in  1868  by  Mrs.  E.  E.  Atwater  of 
Chicago,  a  visitor  to  the  island.  Its  location  and  even  its  ex- 
istence were  unknown  in  Nantucket  until  1878,  when  it  was 
re-discovered  by  Mrs.  Wm.  A.  Spinney.  As  in  the  case  of 
the  Calluna,  there  is  nothing  in  its  surroundings,  the  usual 
and  characteristic  vegetation  of  that  part  of  the  island,  to 
indicate  intentional  introduction.  It  is  desirable  to  keep  the 
locality  of  this  rare  plant  from  idle  curiosity,  but  Mrs.  Spin- 
ney and  her  family  have  always  taken  botanists  to  it  with 
pleasure.  The  place  is  also  known  now  to  several  persons  who 
have  come  across  it  by  good  fortune,  as  its  first  discoverer  did. 
Some  of  these  are  residents  of  the  island,  some  are  summer 
visitors,  but  they  have  kept  the  secret  they  have  surprised,  as 
bound  by  honor,  and  from  true  regard  for  the  beautiful  little 
thing  whose  place  would  soon  know  it  no  more,  but  for  their 
kindly  reticence.  They  have  the  hearty  thanks  of  all  bota- 
nists, present  and  future,  for  whom  they  save  it. 


39 

E.  tetralix,  L.     CKOSS-LEAVED  HEATH. 

In  July,  1884,  Miss  Susan  Coffin  noticed  eight  or  ten  plants 
of  this  heath  in  bloom  amongst  the  imported  pines  in  her 
father,  Mr.  Henry  Coffin's  lot.  (See  Calluna  above.)  In 
1887  there  were  more  than  twice  as  many,  all  healthy  and 
vigorous  and  blooming  abundantly. 

KALMIA,  L. 

K.  latifolia,  L.     MOUNTAIN  LAUREL. 

A  single  bush  on  the  plains  opposite  Bloomingdale.  It  is  a 
dwarf  specimen,  not  more  than  a  foot  high,  but  perfectly 
healthy  and  vigorous  ;  no  indication  of  flowers  to  be  found. 
L.  L.  D. 

K.  angustifolia,  L.     SHEEP  LAUREL. 

RHODODENDRON,  L. 

R.  viscosum,  Torr.     (Azalea  viscosa,  L.)    SWAMP  PINK. 

Common. 
R.  viscosum,  Torr.,  var.  nitidum,  Gray. 

Near  Sesachacha,  L.  L.  D. 

PYROLA,  Tourn. 

P.  rotundifolia,  L.    FALSE  WINTERGREEN. 
P.  chlorantha,  Sw. 

CHIMAPHILA,  Pursh. 

C.  umbellata,  Nutt.     PRINCE'S  PINE. 

C.  maculata,  Pursh.     SPOTTED  PRINCE'S  PINE. 
Rare.     Noticed  of  late  years  growing  in  the  shelter  of  the 
pines,  but  never  reported  before  the  planting  of  those  trees. 

MONOTROPA,  L. 

M.  uniflora,  L.     INDIAN  PIPE. 

Not  uncommon  amongst  the  pines. 
M.  Hypopitys,  L.     PINE-SAP. 

Pines  near  Agricultural  grounds.     C.  &  D. 


40 

ILICINE^. 

ILEX,  L. 

I.  opaca,  Ait.     AMERICAN  HOLLY. 

Never  reported  in  flower  or  fruit.     Becoming  rare,  as  it  has 

been  cut  for  firewood.     Sizable  logs  have  been  noticed  in  the 

wood-piles  at  Siasconset. 
I.  verticillata,  Gray.     BLACK  ALDER. 

Rather  common. 
I.  glabra,  Gray.     INK-BERRY. 

Very    abundant   in   Gibbs's   Swamp   and    at   Bloomingdale. 

Found  at  Orange  St.  R.  R.  crossing. 

PLANTAGINACE/E. 
PLANTAGO,  L. 

P.  major,  L.     COMMON  PLANTAIN. 

P.  Rugelii,  Decaisne.     (P.  Kamtschatica  of  Man.) 

Very  scarce.  Messrs.  Churchill  and  Deane  saw  a  very  few 
specimens  near  the  Orange  St.  R.  R.  crossing,  and  in  a  wet 
meadow  not  far  from  the  same.  Can  it  be  that  this  native 
(as  it  is  regarded)  has  been  nearly  driven  off  the  face  of  the 
island  by  P.  major  introduced  with  the  white  settlers  ? 

P.  decipiens,  Barn.    (P.  maritima,  L.,  var.  juncoides,Gr.)   SEA 
PLANTAIN. 
Common  in  salt  marshes. 

P.  lanceolata,  L.  RIBWORT. 
Common. 

PLUMBAGINACE^E. 

STATICE,   Tourn. 

S.  Limonium,  L.,  var.  Caroliniana,  Gray.     MARSH  ROSEMARY. 
Common  at  Brant  Pt.,  and  in  the  salt  marshes. 

PRIMULACE^. 

TRIENTALIS,  L. 
T.  Americana,  Pursh.     STAR-FLOWER. 


41 

LYSIMACHIA,  Tourn. 

L.  stricta,  Ait.     UPRIGHT  LOOSESTRIFE. 

L.  quadrifolia,  L.     FOUR-LEAVED  LOOSESTRIFE. 

L.  vulgaris,  L. 

Escaped.  A  patch  in  a  cross  road  in  Siasconset  observed  for 
ten  years  past,  its  area  slowly  spreading.  L.  L.  D.  1886.  A 
patch  in  town  in  a  lane  running  from  the  south  end  of  Union 
St.  to  the  water,  noticed  for  about  the  same  length  of  time. 
M.  L.  0. 

L.  Nummularia,  L.     MONEYWORT. 

An  escape  thoroughly  naturalized  near  town. 

ANAGALLIS,  Tourn.     PIMPERNEL. 

A.  arvensis,  L.     POOR  MAN'S  WEATHERGLASS. 
Very  common  in  the  beach  sand ;  found   also  in  cultivated 
grounds. 

SAMOLUS,  L.     WATER  PIMPERNEL. 

S.  Valerandi,  L.,  var.  Americanus,  Gray. 
Marshes  near  the  Creeks. 

LENTIBULACE/E. 

UTRICULARIA,  L.     BLADDERWORT. 

U.  vulgaris,  L. 

Polpis  and  elsewhere  ;  rather  common. 
U.  clandestina,  Nutt. 

Ditches  in  Polpis  choked  with  it.     M.  L.  0.,  1880. 

Bog  near  Almanac  Pond.     Rev.  G.  W.  Perry,  1881. 
U.  intermedia,  Hayne. 

A  single  non-flowering  specimen  in  Reed  Pond.  Morong,  1887. 
U.  subulata,  L. 

Tom  Never's  Pond  and  Gibbs's  Pond.     M.  L.  0.,  1879. 
U.   subulata,  L.,  var.  cleistogama,  Gray. 

The  terrestrial  form  with  few  leaves  and  those  hidden  in  the 

ground,  in  open  places  in  that  part  of  Tom  Never's  Swamp 

directly  south  of  the  roadside  pool  at  Bloomingdale  ;  very 


42 

abundant  there  growing  with  the  Thread-leaved  Sundew.  Also 
found  in  abundance  on  the  west  side  of  Almanac  Pond,  under 
the  herbaceous  plants  and  low  shrubs.  The  aquatic  form, 
very  leafy,  grows  round  the  half-sunken  bowlder  in  the  pond 
on  the  same  side.  The  finest  specimens  of  the  leafy  form  are 
on  the  edge  of  a  very  small  pond,  hidden  by  bushes  from  the 
road,  in  "Beech wood,"  a  farm  in  Polpis  belonging  to  Mr. 
Sanford.  At  the  water's  edge  the  ground  is  green  with  the 
leaves.  M.  L.  0.,  1880.  The  type  and  the  variety  have  not 
yet  been  found  growing  together. 

SCROPHULARIACEJE. 

VERBASCUM,  L. 

V.  Thapsus,  L.     COMMON  MULLEIN. 

V.  Blattaria,L.     MOTH  MULLEIN. 

Not  common.  Some  half  dozen  persistent  plants  noticed 
for  many  years  in  Walnut  Lane  in  town ;  also  noticed  in  Sias- 
conset. 

LIN  ARIA,  Tourn. 

L.  Canadensis,  Spreng.     CANADA  SNAPDRAGON. 

Has  a  much  more  vigorous  habit  than  on  the  main  land. 
L.  vulgaris,  Mill.     BUTTER  AND  EGGS. 

Not  infrequent  on  the  edge  of  the  town. 

GRATIOLA,  L. 

G.  aurea,  Muhl.     HEDGE-HYSSOP. 
Very  common  on  the  edge  of  the  ponds. 

ILYSANTHUS,  Raf. 

I.  gratioloides,  Benth.     FALSE  PIMPERNEL. 

Between  Siasconset  and  Sancoty.  On  the  borders  of  Sesach- 
acha  a  form  nearly  white,  having  only  a  small  purple  blotch 
on  the  lower  lip.  Morong. 


43 

LlMOSELLA,    L. 

L.  aquatica,  L.,  var.  tenuifolia,  Hoffm.     MUDWORT. 
Sesachacha  Pond,  in  profuse  abundance,  making  a  green  car- 
pet at  the  water's  edge.     Also  at  Hummock,  but  less  abun- 
dant, and  at  Great  Mioxes  and  Reedy  Ponds. 

VERONICA,  L. 

V.  arvensis,  L.     CORN-SPEEDWELL. 
Plainfield. 

GERARDIA,  L. 

G.  purpurea,  L.  PURPLE  GERARDIA. 

Flowers  of  larger  size  and  brighter  color  than  on  the  main 
land.     Very  common.     Albinos  sometimes  found. 

G.  maritima,  Raf.     SEA-SIDE  GERARDIA. 
Eatfire,  Coskaty,  &c. 

SCHWALBEA,  Gronov. 

S.  Americana,  L.     CHAFF-SEED. 

Plains  opposite  Bloomingdale  ;   rare.      L.  L.  D.      Plants  of 
luxuriant  growth,  but  few  in  number. 

PEDICULARIS,  Tourn. 
P.  Canadensis,  L.     LOUSEWORT.     WOOD  BETONY. 

MELAMPYRUM,  Tourn. 

M,  Americanum,  Michx.     COW-WHEAT. 
Plains  opposite  Bloomingdale.     Common. 

VERBENACE^i. 

VERBENA,  L. 
V.  hastata,  L.     BLUE  VERVAIN. 


44 

LABIATE. 

TEUCRIUM,  L. 

T.  Canadense,  L.     GERMANDER. 
Eatfire  and  elsewhere. 

TRICHOSTEMA,  L. 

T.  dichotomum,  L.     BLUE  CURLS. 
Very  common. 

MENTHA,   L. 
M.  viridis,  L.     SPEARMINT. 

LYCOPUS,  L. 

L.  Virginicus,  L.     BUGLE-WEED. 

Grove  Lane  and  in  the  swamps  near  Hummock  Pond.  Miss 
Kite.  Doubtless  elsewhere,  but  less  common  than  the  next 
species. 

L.  sinuatus,  Ell.     (L.  Europeans,  L.,  var.  sinuatus,  Gr.) 

PYCNANTHEMUM,  Michx.     MOUNTAIN  MINT. 

P.  incanum,  Michx. 
P.  lanceolatum,  Pursh. 
L.  L.  D. 

P.  linifolium,  Pursh. 

Entered  here  on  the  authority  of  Gray's  Man.  ed.  1.  Locali- 
ty unknown  and  plant  never  found  by  collectors  of  the  pres- 
ent day. 

HEDEOMA,  Pers. 
H.  pulegioides,  Pers.     PENNYROYAL. 

NEPETA,  L. 

N.  Cataria,  L.  CATNIP. 

!N".  Glechoma,  Benth.     GILL. 


45 

BRUNELLA,  Tourn. 
B.  vulgaris,  L.  SELF-HEAL. 

SCUTELLARIA,    L.      SKULL-CAP. 

S.  galericulata,  L. 
S.  lateriflora,  L. 

Not  uncommon.     Mr.   Morong  found  plants  downy  all  over 

in  a  marsh  near  Miacomet. 

MARBUBIUM,  L. 

M.  vulgare,  L.     HOREHOUND. 

Near  Sesachacha  Pond.     Two  patches  by  the  roadside,  doubt- 
less an  escape.     W.  Deane. 

GALEOPSIS,  L.     HEMP-NETTLE. 

G.  Tetrahit,  L. 
G.   Ladanum,  L. 
Squam. 

STACHYS,  L. 

S.  hyssopifolia,  Michx.     HEDGE-NETTLE. 
Rather  common  by  some  of  the  Polpis  ponds. 

LEONURUS,  L. 
L.  Cardiaca,  L.  MOTHERWORT. 

LAMIUM,  L. 
L.  amplexicaule,  L.     DEAD  NETTLE. 

BORRAGINACE^E. 

ECHIUM,  Tourn. 

E.  vulgare,  L.     BLUE- WEED. 

Some  half  dozen  plants  in  a  field  near  Siasconset.     W.   L. 
Foster,  June,  1887. 
7 


46 

ONOSMODIUM,  Michx. 

0.  Virginianum,  DC.  FALSE  GROMWELL. 
First  reported  by  President  Hitchcock  of  Amherst,  who  vis- 
ited the  island  in  1832  ;  his  locality  unknown.  Never  re- 
ported again  till  1884,  when  it  was  discovered  by  Messrs. 
Churchill  and  Deane  near  Wauwinet.  In  1886  Mr.  Dame 
found  it  on  the  plains  opposite  Bloomingdale,  and  in  1887 
Messrs.  Morong  and  Deane  near  Quidnit.  Very  scarce  in  all 
these  places. 

MERTENSIA,  Roth. 

M.  maritima,  Don.     SEA  LUNGWORT. 

One  plant  on  Brant  Point,  L.  L.  D.  ;  one  or  two  at  the  South 
Shore,  Miss  Mary  Eliza  Starbuck  ;  a  few  fine  large  specimens 
between  Siasconset  and  Sancoty,  L.  L.  D. 

CONVOLVULACEiE. 
CONVOLVULUS,  L. 

C.  arvensis,  L.     BIND-WEED. 

Well  established  amongst  grass  in  a  yard  in  Ash  St.,  also  no- 
ticed on  the  edge  of  the  sidewalk  in  Lily  St.  M.  L.  0.,  1887. 

C.  sepium,  L.     (Calystegia  sepium,  R.  Br.)     WILD  MORNING 
GLORY. 
Not  uncommon  in  thickets. 

CUSCUTA,  Tourn.     DODDER. 
C.  Gronovii,  Willd. 

SOLANACE^E. 

SOLANUM,  Tourn. 

S.  Dulcamara,  L.  BITTER-SWEET. 
S.  nigrum,  L.     NIGHTSHADE. 
Often  found  in  great  profusion. 


47 
LYCIUM,  L. 

L.  vulgare,  Dunal.     MATRIMONY-VINE. 
Sparingly  escaped. 

NICANDRA,  Adans. 

N.  physaloides,  Gaertn.     APPLE  OF  PERU. 
Waste  ground  in  town.     C.  &  D. 

DATURA,  L. 

D.  Stramonium,  L.     THORN-APPLE. 

On  the  bank  at  Siasconset,  and  less  common  in  waste  places 
in  town. 

GENTIANACE^E. 

SABBATIA,  Adans. 

S.  gracilis,  Salisb. 

"  S.  campanulata,  Torrey.  This  long  lost  species  was  found 
before  1829  by  T.  A.  Greene,  Esq.,  at  Nantucket."  Wm. 
Oakes. 

Our  Nan  tucket  species  approaches  S.  stellaris,  Pursh,  and  is 
called  by  Dr.  Gray  in  the  "  Synoptical  Flora  of  N.  America," 
"an  ambiguous  form." 

Very  local.  Found  on  the  edge  of  a  few  ponds  in  Polpis,  and 
although  once  rather  abundant  there,  now  in  danger  of  ex- 
termination from  wasteful  plucking. 

ERYTHR^EA,  Pers. 

E.  spicata,  Pers. 

First  detected  in  Nantucket  by  Oakes.  Of  slender  growth  at 
Eatfire  and  Coskaty  ;  luxuriant  and  abundant  in  a  marsh  at 
Pocomo. 

BARTONIA,  Muhl. 
B.  tenella,  Muhl. 


48 

MENYANTHES,  Tourn. 

M.  trifoliata,  L.     BUCK  BEAN. 

Detected  in  Maxcy's  Pond  by  Kben  W.  Tallant,  a  school  boy 
at  that  time,  1853. 

LIMNANTHEMUM,  Gmel. 

L.  lacunosum,  Griseb.     FLOATING  HEART. 

In  several  ponds.  Very  abundant  in  one  between  Almanac 
and  Sesachacha,  the  seedlings  in  the  fall  springing  up  along 
the  edge  so  closely  as  to  look  like  a  border  of  grassy  turf. 

APOCYNACE^E. 

APOCYNUM,  Tourn. 

A.  androsaemifolium,  L.     DOGBANE. 
A.  cannabinum,  L.     INDIAN  HEMP. 

ASCLEPIADACE^E. 

ASCLEPIAS,  L.     MILK-WEED. 

A.  Cornuti,  Decaisne. 
A.  phytolaccoides,  Pursh. 

Occasional,  L.  L.  D. 
A.  incarnata,  L.,  var.  pulchra,  Pers. 

A.  obtusifolia,  Michx.     Common  ;  abundant  at  Tuckernuck. 
A.  tuberosa,  L.     BUTTERFLY  WEED. 

Rare. 

OLEACE^. 

SYRINGA,  L. 

S.  vulgaris,  L.     LILAC. 

One  plant,  some  two  feet  in  height  with  leaves  and  fruit 
about  half  the  usual  size,  near  Tom  Never's  Pond.  No 
house  ever  near  this  spot  as  far  as  known ;  Bloomingdale, 
more  than  a  mile  off,  the  nearest.  L.  L.  D. 


49 

PHYTOLACCACE^E. 

PHYTOLACCA,  Tourn. 
P.  decandra,  L.     POKE. 

CHENOPODIACE^:. 

CHENOPODIUM,  L. 

C.  album,  L.     PIGWEED. 

C.  hybridum,  L.     MAPLE-LEAVED  GOOSEFOOT. 

Waste  ground  in  town  ;  seen  but  once.     C.  &  D. 
C.  Botrys,  L.     JERUSALEM  OAK. 

Escaped. 
C.  rubrum,  L.     (Blitum  maritimum,  Nutt.)     COAST  ELITE. 

Quidnit  and  elsewhere. 

ATRIPLEX,  Tourn. 

A.  patula,  L. 

A.  arenaria,  Nutt. 

Cliff  Beach.     S.  T.  Olney. 

SALICORNIA,  Tourn.     SAMPHIRE. 

S.  herbacea,  L. 
S.  Virginica,  L. 
S.  fruticosa,  L.,  var.  ambigua,  Gray. 

All  the  species  fairly  abundant  on  the  beaches  and  in  the  salt 

marshes. 

SU^EDA,  Forskal. 

S.  linearis,  Torr.,  var.  ramosa,  Wats.     (8.  maritima,  Dumort.) 
SEA  ELITE. 


SALSOLA,  L. 


S.  Kali,  L.     SALTWORT. 
Common  on  the  shore. 


50 

AMARANTACE^. 

AMARANTUS,  Tourn. 

A.  retroflexus,  L.     PIGWEED. 
A.  albus,  L. 
A.  pumilus,  Raf. 

On  the  beach.     S.  T.  Olney,  1849. 

POLYGONACE/E. 

POLYGONUM,    L. 

P.  incarnatum,  Ell. 

P.  Persicaria,  L.     HEAIITEASE  (an  old  Nantucket  name). 

P.  Hydropiper,  L.     SMARTWEED. 

P.  acre,  H.  B.  K.     WATER  SMARTWEED. 

P.  hydropiperoides,  Michx.     MILD  WATER-PEPPER. 

P.  amphibmm,  L. 

P.  articulatum,  L.     JOINT-WEED. 

Brant  Pt.,  &c.     In  the  interior  of  the  island  in  patches  of 

sand  where  beach-grass  has  established  itself. 
P.  aviculare,  L.     KNOTGRASS. 
P.  erectum,  L.     (P.  aviculare,  L.,  var.  erectum,  Roth.) 

Wharves,  occasional  ;  L.  L.  D. 
P.  maritimum,  L.     COAST  KNOTGRASS. 
P.  ramosissimum,  Michx. 

L.  L.  D. 

P.  sagittatum,  L.     SCRATCH-GRASS. 
P.  Convolvulus,  L.     BLACK  BINDWEED. 
P.  dumetorum,  L.     CLIMBING  BUCKWHEAT. 

FAGOPYRUM,  Tourn. 

P.  esculentum,  Moench.     BUCKWHEAT. 
Common  in  old  fields. 

RUMEX,  L.     DOCK. 

R.  orbiculatus,  Gray. 

R.  salicifolius,  Weinm. 

R.  verticillatus,  L.     SWAMP  DOCK. 


51 

E.  crispus,  L.     YELLOW  DOCK. 

Siasconset. 

R.  obtusifolius,  L.     BITTER  DOCK. 
R.  crispus,  L.  x  R.     obtusifolius,  L. 

Quite  common  at  Siasconset.     L.  L.  D. 
R.  maritimus,  L.     GOLDEN  DOCK. 

Sesachacha,  Long  Pond,  &c. 
R.  Acetosella,  L.     SORREL. 

LAURACE^E. 

SASSAFRAS.  Nees. 

S.  officinale,  Nees. 

Common  in  Tom  Never's  Swamp  and  elsewhere. 

SANTALACE^E. 

COMANDRA,    Nutt. 

0.  umbellata,  Nutt. 

CERATOPHYLLACE^. 

CERATOPHYLLUM,  L. 

C.  demersum,  L.     HORNWORT. 

Reported  by  President  Hitchcock  in  1838  ;  never  afterwards 
till  1887,  when  Mr.  Morong  found  it  in  Long,  Hummock  and 
Miacomet  Ponds.  He  says  "The  northern  part  of  Long 
Pond  is  so  filled  with  this  and  one  or  two  other  aquatics  that 
one  cannot  see  down  into  the  water." 

CALLITRICHACE^E. 

CALLITRICHE,  L. 

C.  verna,  L.     WATER  STARWORT. 
Frequent  in  ponds  near  town. 


52 

EUPHORBIACE^E. 

EUPHORBIA,  L.     SPURGE. 
E.  polygonifolia,  L. 
E.  maculata,  L.     SPOTTED  SPURGE. 
E.  hypericifolia,  L. 

Sand  by  the  railroad  track,  near  town.     C.  &  D. 
E.  Cyparissias,  L.     CYPRESS  SPURGE. 

Escaped  ;  growing  freely  in  several  places  by  roadsides. 

EMPETRACE^. 

COREMA,  Don.     BROOM  CROWBERRY. 

C.  Conradii,  Torrey. 

Abundant  a  few  miles  from  town  on  the  William  Worth  road  ; 
found  also  on  the  new  road  from  town  to  Siasconset.   M.  L.  0. 
Road  from  town  to  Polpis.     Miss  Tallant,  1867. 
Near  Saul's  Hills.     Warren  Upham. 

Abundant  in  low  places  bordering  on  Tom  Never's  Swamp. 
L.  L.  D. 

URTICACEuE. 

URTICA,  Tourn.    NETTLE. 

U.  urens,  L. 
Not  uncommon  as  a  garden  weed  fifty  years  ago,  but  rare  now. 

BCEHMERIA,  Jacq. 

B.  cylindrica,  Willd.     FALSE  NETTLE. 

PARIETARIA,  Tourn.    PELLITORY. 

P.  Pennsylvanica,  Muhl. 

Coatue.     In  beach  sand  close  to  a  bowlder  near  the  water's 
edge ;  some  half  dozen  plants.     M.  L.  0.,  1879. 

. 

CANNABIS,  Tourn. 

C.  sativa,  L.     HEMP. 

Waste  ground  south  of  the  town  ;  a  single  well  grown  plant. 
C.  &  D.     Edge  of  a  sidewalk.     M.  L.  0.,  1887. 


53 

JUGLANDACE^E. 

CARYA,  Nutt. 

0.  alba,  Nutt.    SHAGBARK  HICKORY. 

Coskaty,  W.  L.  Foster,  L.  L.  D. 
C.  tomentosa,  Nutt. 

Polpis.     Not  more  than  ten  or  fifteen  feet  high.     W.  Deane. 
0.  porcina,  Nutt.     PIGNUT  HICKORY. 

Many  loads  of  this  have  been  taken  out  of  the  thickets  by 

the  'Sconset  folks  for  fuel. 

CUPULIFER/E, 

QUERCUS,  L.     OAK. 

Q.  alba,  L.     WHITE  OAK. 

This  majestic  tree  is  here  reduced  to  a  shrub  ten  or  twelve 

feet  in  height.     L.  L.  D. 
Q.  prinoides,  Willd.    DWARF  CHESTNUT  or  CHINQUAPIN  OAK. 

Very  common. 

Q.  ilicifolia,  Wang.     BLACK  SCRUB  OAK. 
Q.  coccinea,  Wang.     SCARLET  OAK. 
Q.  coccinea,  Wang.,  var.  tinctoria,  Gray. 

Mr.  Dame  remarks  that  this  is  the  largest  oak  he  has  yet  seen 

on  the  island. 

FAGUS,  Tourn.     BEECH. 

F.  ferruginea,  Ait. 

Quaise,  Wauwinet,  &c.     L.  L.  D. 
Coskaty  Swamp.     W.  L.  Foster. 

CORYLUS,  Tourn. 

C.  Americana,  Walt.    AMERICAN  HAZEL-NUT. 

Rather  rare.     L.  L.  D. 
C.  rostrata,  Ait.     BEAKED  HAZEL-NUT. 

Very  common. 

CARPINUS,  L.    HORNBEAM. 

C.  Caroliniana,  Walt.     (C.  Americana,  Michx.) 
8 


54 

MYRICACE^E. 

MYRICA,  L. 
M.  cerifera,  L.     BAYBERRT. 

Very  common. 
M.  Comptonia,  0.  DC.    ( Gomptonia  asplcnifolia,  Ait. )    SWEET 

FERN. 

Very  common. 

BETULACE^. 

BETULA,  Tourn. 

B.  alba,  L.,  var.  populifolia,  Spach.     WHITE  BIRCH. 
One  plant  on  the  plains  of  Bloomingdale.     L.  L.  D. 

SALICACE^. 

SALIX,  Tourn.     WILLOW. 

S.  tristis,  Ait.     DWARF  GRAY  WILLOW. 
S.  discolor,   Muhl. 
Eare.     L.  L.  D. 

POPULUS,  Tourn. 

P.  grandidentata,  Michx.     LARGE-TOOTHED  ASPEN. 

A  few  depauperate  specimens  near  Gibbs's  Swamp. 
P.  alba,  L.     ABELE.     SILVER-LEAVED  POPLAR. 

Spreading  from  planted  trees. 

CONIFERS. 

PINUS,  Tourn. 

P.  rigida,  Mill.     PITCH  PINE. 

These  pines  are  all  from  seed  planted  by  Josiah  Sturgis  and 
others  in  1847  and  following  years.  They  have  spread  exten- 
sively from  seed,  but  are  infested  now  with  insects  of  the 
family  Tortricidce  which  have  killed  many  of  the  trees  and 
threaten  the  destruction  of  the  rest.  If  this  destruction 
could  have  been  averted  by  measures  taken  in  season,  it  is  too 
late  now  to  apply  the  remedy.  Prof.  Scudder's  prediction  in 


55 

a  report  on  the  subject,  has  become  history.  "  Leave  them 
alone,"  he  says,  "  and  the  pine  woods  of  Nantucket  are 
doomed  to  destruction  ;  to  plant  new  trees  would  be  to  add 
fuel  to  flames. "  But  that  is  not  all.  "  There  is  no  apparent 
reason,"  to  quote  Prof.  Scudder  again,  "why  the  destruction 
should  not  extend  to  the  Penobscot,  or  as  far  as  the  pitch  pine 
flourishes. "  To  prevent  this  it  is  the  plain  duty  of  the  Nan- 
tucket  people  "  to  cut  down  the  entire  forest,  sell  the  wood 
[for  fuel]  and  burn  the  brush,  leaving  not  even  a  seedling 
anywhere ;  then  to  pasture  the  sheep  upon  the  spot  for  two 
years,  and  carefully  destroy  every  seedling  that  springs  up  out- 
side of  the  fences  which  confine  the  flock."  See  a  paper  by 
Prof.  Samuel  H.  Scudder  on  the  Pine  Moth  of  Nantucket, 
published  by  the  Massachusetts  Society  for  the  Promotion 
of  Agriculture. 

S.  sylvestris,  L.     SCOTCH  PINE. 

Near  Miacomet  Pond.  Imported  trees  planted  by  Mr.  Henry 
Coffin  in  1876.  Scotch  larches  near  them  also  planted  by  Mr. 
Coffin. 

JUNIPERUS,    L. 

J.  Virginiana,  L.     RED  CEDAR.     SAVIN. 

Abundant  on  Coatue,  where  the  old  trees  have  grown  into  the 
strange  form  often  seen  on  wind-swept  points  of  land ;  the 
low,  twisted  trunks  and  branches  close  to  the  ground  make  an 
impressive  appearance. 


MONOCOT  YLEDONS. 


AKIS^EMA,  Mart. 
A.  triphyllum,  Torr.   INDIAN  TURNIP.    JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT. 


56 

ACORUS,  L. 

A.  Calamus,  L.     SWEET  FLAG. 
Common. 

LEMNACE^. 

LEMNA,  L.     DUCKWEED. 

L.  trisulca,  L. 

L.  minor,  L. 

Both  species  common.  Mr.  Morong  remarks  that  they  grow 
in  the  northern  part  of  Long  Pond  in  such  masses  as  to  im- 
pede the  oars  in  rowing. 

TYPHACE^E. 

TTPHA,  Tourn. 

T.  latifolia,  L.     CAT-TAIL. 

Rather  rare  ;  occurs  in  a  few  bogs  near  the  town  and  in  Poco- 
mo.  Morong. 

T.  angustifolia,  L.     NARROW- LEAVED  CAT-TAIL. 

Nine-tenths  of  the  Typha  on  the  island  is  of  this  species.  It 
forms  extensive  areas  in  bogs  in  all  parts  of  the  island.  Mo- 
rong. 

SPARGANIUM,  Tourn.     BUR-REED. 

S.  eurycarpum,  Engel. 
Common. 

S.  androcladum,  Morong.     (S.  simplex,   Huds.,  var.  androcla- 
dum,  Engelm.) 

Almanac  Pond,  L.  L.  D.  Mr.  Morong  says  these  specimens 
were  "peculiarly  wide-spreading."  In  the  Wm.  H.  Gardner 
lot  hedged  with  Cockspur  Thorn  west  of  the  town.  M.  L.  0. 

NAIADACE^. 

NAIAS,  L. 

N.  flexilis,  Rostk. 
Long  Pond.     Morong. 


57 

ZANNICHELLIA,  Micheli. 

Z.  palustris,  L.     HORNED  POND-WEED. 
A  brook  in  Polpis  fairly  choked  with  it,  C.  &  D.     Hummock 
and  Miacomet  Ponds,  Morong. 

ZOSTEBA,  L.     EEL-GRASS. 

Z.  marina,  L. 

Capaum  Pond,  and  in  the  sea. 

RTJPPIA,  L.    D'ITCH-GRASS. 

R.  maritima,  L. 

Common  in  salt  and  brackish  ponds. 

POTAMOGETON,    Toum.      POND-WEED. 

P.  Oakesianus,  Robbins. 

Very  common  in  the  island  ponds  and  finely  fruiting. 
P.   Claytonii,  Tuckerm. 

Maxcy's  Pond,  and  in  a  fresh  water  pool  near  Sesachacha. 

W.  Deane. 
P.  hybridus,  Michx. 

Maxcy's  and  Reed  Ponds.     C.  &  D. 
P.  pulcher,  Tuckerm. 

Quite  common  and  finely  fruiting.     In  fine  fruit  in  small 

pond  near  Orange  St.  R.  R.  crossing.     Judge  Churchill. 
P.  perfoliatus,  L. 

Abundant  in  Long,  Hummock  and  Miacomet  Ponds. 
P.  pusillus,  L. 

Hummock,  Reedy  and  Long  Ponds.     In  the  last  it  grows 

rankly,  and  with  some  other  aquatics  chokes  the  water. 
P.  pectinatus,  L. 

Common  in  salt  and  brackish  ponds. 

ALISMACE^E. 

TRIGLOCHIN,  L. 

T.  maritimum,  L.     ARROW-GRASS. 
Common  on  the  salt  marshes  at  Eatfire  and  elsewhere. 


58 

ALISMA,  L.     WATER-PLANTAIN. 
A.  Plantago,  L.,  var.  Americanum,  Gray. 
Near  the  Creeks. 

SAGITTARIA,  L.     ARROW-HEAD. 
S.  variabilis,  Engelm. 

HYDROCHARIDACEiE. 

VALLISNERIA,  Micheli. 
V.  spiralis,  L.     EEL-GRASS. 

CommoD  in  Hummock  and  Long  Ponds. 

ORCHIDACEjE. 

HABENARIA,  Willd.,  R.  Br. 

U.  tridentata,  Hook. 

Long  Pond.     Mrs.  Emily  Shaw  Forman. 

H.  ciliaris,  R.  Br.     YELLOW  FRINGED  ORCHIS. 
The  only  plant  ever  known  on  the  island  found  in  bloom  by 
Mrs.  E.  W.  Perry  in  1872 ;  it  was  growing  in  Mr.  Levi  Cof- 
fin's farm,  on  the  ridge  of  a  road  that  passes  through  it  from 
Siasconset  to  Polpis. 

H.  blephariglottis,  Hook.     WHITE  FRINGED  ORCHIS. 

Once  abundant  on  the  edge  of  swamps  near  Siasconset ;  rarer 
now. 

H.  blephariglottis,  Hook.,  var.  holopetala,  Gray. 

Near  edge  of  swamp  opposite  Bloomingdale.     L.  L.  D. 

H.  lacera,  R.  Br.     GREEN  FRINGED  ORCHIS. 

SPIRANTHES,  Richard.     LADIES'  TRESSES. 

S.  cernua,  Richard. 

S.  gracilis,  Big. 

S.  simplex,  Gray. 

First  reported  by  Dr.  Robbins  before  1867.  On  the  dry  com- 
mons between  Polpis  and  town,  growing  with  S.  gracilis ; 
rather  abundant.  M.  L.  0.,  1880.  Found  in  equal  abun- 
bance  on  the  road  to  Miacomet  by  Mrs.  Geo.  H.  Mackay. 
The  plant  seems  capricious ;  in  some  years  it  is  hardly  to  be 
seen.  Abundant  west  of  Miacomet  in  1885.  C.  &  D. 


59 
ARETHUSA,  Gronov. 

A.  bulbosa,  L. 

Rather  common  ;  the  edge  of  the  swamps  near  Hummock 
Pond  sometimes  red  with  the  flowers. 

POGONIA,  Juss. 

P.  ophioglossoides,  Nutt. 
Rather  abundant.    Sometimes  two-flowered.    J.  R.  Churchill. 

CALOPOGON,  R.  Br.     GRASS  PINK. 

C.  pulchellus,  R.  Br. 

Profusely  abundant  now,  in  wet  places  below  the  Cliff,  near 
Long  Pond  and  elsewhere,  but  picked  for  its  beauty  in  such 
immense  bunches  that  it  is  likely  to  become  rare  before  many 
years. 

MICROSTTLIS,  Nutt. 

M.  ophioglossoides,  Nutt. 

On  hills  west  of  Sesachacha  and  opposite  Bloomingdale. 
Very  scarce.  L.  L.  D.,  1886. 

LIPARIS,  Richard.     TWAYBLADE. 

L.  Loeselii,  Richard. 

Very  rare.  Wet  bank  on  shore  of  Sesachacha.  L.  L.  D., 
1886. 

CTPRIPBDIUM,  L.     LADY'S  SLIPPER. 

C.  acaule,  Ait. 

Very  abundant  on  the  commons  east  and  south  of  the  town. 

AMARYLLIDACE^. 

HYPOXYS,  L.    STAR-GRASS. 
H.  erecta,  L. 


60 

H^MODORACE^E. 

ALETRIS,  L.     COLIC-ROOT. 

A.  farinosa,  L. 
Abundant,  especially  in  the  Southeast  Quarter. 

IRIDACE^E. 

IRIS,  L. 

I.  versicolor,  L.     BLUE  FLAG. 
I.  Virginica,  L.     SLENDER  BLUE  FLAG. 
Both  species  common. 

SISYRINCHIUM,  L.     BLUE-EYED  GRASS. 
S.  anceps,  Cav.     (S.  Bermudiana,  L.,  var.  anceps,  Gray. 

SMILACE^E. 

SMILAX,  Tourn. 

S.  rotundifolia,  L.     COMMON  GREENBRIER. 
S.  glauca,  Walt. 

Thickets  opposite  Bloomingdale  and  near  Wauwinet,  L.  L.  D. 

Rare  in  New  England. 
S.  tamnoides,  L. 

Same  localities  as  preceding,  L.  L.  D.     Never  before  reported 

in  New  England. 
S.  herbacea,  L.     CARRION-FLOWER. 

LILIACE^E. 

MEDEOLA,  Gronov.     CUCUMBER- ROOT. 
M.  Virginica,  L. 

OAKESIA,  Watson.     BELLWORT. 
0.  sessilifolia,  Wats.     ( Uvularia  sessilifolia,  L. ) 

SMILACINA,  Desf.     FALSE  SOLOMON'S  SEAL. 
S.  stellata,  Desf. 


61 

MAIANTHEMUM,  Weber.     TWO-LEAVED  SOLOMON'S  SEAL. 

M.  Canadense,  Desf.     (Smilacina  bifolia,  Ker.,  var.  Canaden- 
sis,  Gr.) 

POLYGON ATUM,  Tourn.     SOLOMON'S  SEAL. 

P.  biflorurn,  Ell. 
Polpis. 

LILIUM,  L. 

L.  Philadelphicum,  L.     WILD  RED  LILY. 
A  pure   orange   flower  without  spots  is  sometimes  found. 
L.  L.  D. 

L.  superbum,  L.     TUBE'S  CAP  LILY. 

Thickets  in  Polpis,  where  it  reaches  a  great  height  and  some- 
times bears  from  thirty  to  forty  flowers. 

HEMEROCALLIS,  L. 

H.  fulva,  L.    COMMON  DAY-LILY. 
Waste  grounds  near  dwellings ;  escaped. 

JUNCACEiE. 

LUZULA,  DC.    WOOD-BUSH. 
L.  campestris,  DC. 

JUNCUS,  L.     RUSH. 

J.  effusus,  L.     COMMON  OB  SOFT  RUSH. 

Common. 
J.  filiformis,  L. 

Common. 

J.  marginatus,  Rostk. 
J.  bufonius,  L. 

Rather  common.     Low  grounds  near  Tom  Never's  Head  and 

Sesachacha.     Judge  Churchill  and  Dr.  Swan. 
J.  Gerardi,  Loisel.     BLACK-GBASS. 

Common. 


62 

J.  tenuis,  Willd. 

J.  Greenii,  Oakes  &  Tuckerm. 
E.  S.  Burgess. 

J.  pelocarpus,  E.  Meyer. 
Common. 

J.  articulatus,   L. 

Between  Bloomingdale  and  Tom  Never's  Head.     Dr.  Swan. 

J.  militaris,  Big. 

Abundant  on  the  shore  of  Gibbs's  Pond.     C.  &  D. 

J.  acuminatus,  Michx.,  var.  legitimus,  Engelm. 

Hummock  Pond.  J.  H.  Redfield.  "  This  is  found  in  a 
small  form  on  the  borders  of  Sesachacha,  and  in  a  form  with 
large  branching  panicles  and  shining  black  fruit  on  the  bor- 
ders of  a  bog  at  Quaise.  I  collected  it  also  on  borders  of 
Kotten  Pumpkin."  Morong. 

J.  nodosus,  L. 
E.  S.  Burgess. 

J.  Canadensis,  J.  Gay,  var.  longicaudatus,  Engel. 

J.  Canadensis,  J.  Gay,  var.  coarctatus,  Engel. 

PONTEDERIACE^E. 

PONTEDERIA,    L. 

P.  cordata,  L.  PICKEREL-WEED. 

SCHOLLERA,  Schreber. 

S.    graminifolia,    Willd.       (S.  graminea  of    Man.)      WATER 
STAR-GRASS. 
Long  and  Miacomet  Ponds.     Morong. 

XYRIDACE^E. 

XYKIS,  L.    YELLOW-EYED  GRASS. 

X.  flexuosa,  Muhl.,  Chapm.,  var.  pusilla,  Gray. 

Common. 
X.  Caroliniana,  Walt. 

Dr.  C.  W.  Swan. 


63 

ERIOCAULONACE^. 

ERIOCAULON,  L.     PIPEWORT. 

E.  septangulare,  With. 
Common. 

CYPERACEiE. 

CYPERUS,  L.     GALINGALE. 

0.  diandrus,  Torr. 
C.  Nuttallii,  Torr. 

Maxcy's  Pond  and  elsewhere  ;  abundant. 
C.  erythrorhizos,  Muhl. 

Oakes,  1829.     Not  reported  since. 
C.  dentatus,  Torr. 

C.  esculentus,  L.     ( C.  phymatodes,  Muhl. ) 
G.  strigosus,  L. 
C.  Grayii,  Torr. 

C.  filiculmis,  Vahl. 

DULICHIUM,  Pers. 

D.  spathaceum,  Pers. 
Very  common. 

HELEOCHARIS,  R.  Br.      SPIKE  RUSH. 

H.  palustris,  R.  Br. 
H.  tennis,  Schultes. 
H.  acicularis,  R.  Br. 
H.  pygmsea,  Torr. 

Borders  of  Sesachacha,  J.  L.  Russell.      Capaum  Pond,   Mo- 

rong. 

SCIRPUS,  L.    CLUB-RUSH. 

S.  pungens,  Vahl. 

S.  validus,  Vahl.     BULRUSH. 

Abundant  in  ponds. 
S.  maritimus,  L.     SEA  CLUB-RUSH. 


64 

S.  Eriophorum,  Michx.     WOOL-GRASS. 
S.   Eriophorum,  Michx.,  var.  laxus,  Gray. 
These  species  all  common. 

ERIOPHORUM,  L.     COTTON-GRASS. 

E.  Virginicum,  L. 

E.  Virginicum,  L.,  var.  album,  Gray. 

Near  Hummock  Pond ;  very  large  and  fine  specimens. 
C.  &D. 

E.  gracile,  Koch. 
L.  L.  D. 

E.  gracile,  Koch.,  var.  paucinervium,  Engelm. 

Pout,  often  called  Foot  Ponds.  C.  &  D.  In  the  bog  at  the 
west  end  of  Sesachacha  Pond,  close  to  the  new  road,  and  else- 
where. 

RHYNCOSPORA,  Vahl.     BEAK-RUSH. 

R.  alba,  Vahl. 
R.  glomerata,  Vahl. 
Both  species  common. 

CLADIUM,  P.  Browne. 
Cladium  mariscoides,  Torr. 

SCLERIA,  L. 

S.  triglomerata,  Michx. 
E.  S.  Burgess. 

CAREX,  L.     SEDGE. 

C.  vulpinoidea,  Michx. 

C.  stipata,  Muhl. 

C.  Muhlenbergii,  Schk. 

C.  rosea,  Schk. 

C.  canescens,  L. 

C.  canescens,  L.,  var.  alpicola,  Wahl.     (C.  canescens,  L.,  var. 

vitilis  of  the  Man.) 

0.  echinata,  Murray,  var.  conferta,  Bailey.     (C.  stellulata,  L.) 


65 

C.  echinata,  Murray,  var.  macrostachys,  Boeck.     (C.  stellulata, 

L.,  var.  scirpoides,  Gray.) 
C.  scoparia,  Schk. 
C.  adusta,  Boott. 

Dr.  0.  W.  Swan. 
C.  straminea,  Schk. 
(J.  straminea,  Schk.,  var.  moniliformis,  Tuckerm.     (C.  fcenea 

Willd.,  var.  (?)  sabulonum,  Gray.) 

C.  straminea,  Schk.,  var.  alata,  Bailey.     (C.  alata,Torr.) 
C.  vulgaris,  Fries. 
C.  aquatilis,  Wahl. 
C.  pallescens,  L. 
C.  Pennsylvanica,  Lam. 
C.  filiformis,  L. 
C.  Pseudo-Cyperus,  L.,  var  comosa,  W.   Boott.      (C.  comosa, 

Boott.) 

C.  tentaculata,  Muhl. 
C.  lupulina,  Muhl. 

GRAMINEiE. 

LEEKSIA,  Soland. 
L.  oryzoides,  Swartz.     RICE  CUT-GRASS. 

ZIZANIA,    Gronov. 

Z.  aquatica,  L.     WILD  BICE. 

Frequent  in  Miacomet  and  other  ponds.  Probably  all  intro- 
duced from  seed  sown  about  1875, 

ALOPECUKUS,  L, 
A.  pratensis,  L.     FOXTAIL  GRASS. 

PHLEUM,  L. 

P.  pratense,  L.     HERD'S  GRASS. 

Specimens  with  abnormal  spikes  collected  in  the  autumn  of 
1875.  M.  L.  0.  Prof.  Dudley  in  "  The  Cayuga  Flora" 
mentions  this  monstrosity  noticed  since  1872.  "  The  flower- 


66 

ing  glume"  he  says,  "develops  into  a  complete  leaf  with 
sheath,  ligule,  and  a  bright  green  blade  1--1-J-  cm.  long."  I 
am  indebted  to  Dr.  Walter  H.  Chapin  of  Springfield  for  a 
careful  microscopic  examination  which  proved  the  Nantucket 
specimens  identical  in  development  with  those  of  the  Cayuga 

region. 

i 

AGROSTIS,  L. 

A.  scabra,  Willd. 
A.  vulgaris,  With.     RED  TOP. 

A.  vulgaris,  With.,  var.  alba,  Vasey,  and  form  stolonifera,  de- 
tected by  Dr.  Swan. 

MUHLENBERGIA,  Schreber. 

M.  diffusa,  Schreber. 
Noticed  in  a  front  yard  in  Orange  St.     M.  L.  0. 

DEYEUXIA,  Glair. 

D.  Canadensis,  Beauv.     (Calamagrostis  Canadensis,  Beauv.) 
Dr.  Swan  finds  that  some  specimens  of  this  grass  seem  to  ap- 
proach D.  Langsdorffii,  Kth.  in  the  length  and  shape  of  the 
glumes  and  stoutness  of  the  awn. 

D.  Nuttalliana,  Vasey.     (G.  Nuttalliana,  Steud.) 

Cranberry  bog  between  Polpis  school  house  and  Almanac 
Pond.  0.  &  D. 

AMMOPHILA,  Host. 

A.  arundinacea,  Host.  ( Calamagrostis  arenaria,  Roth. )  BEACH 
GRASS. 

On  the  sea  shore,  and  in  patches  of  beach  sand  found  in  the 
interior  of  the  island. 

STIPA,  L. 

S.  avenacea,  L.     BLACK  OAT-GRASS. 

Between  Wauwinet  and  Siasconset.     C.  &  D. 


67 

ARISTIDA,  L. 

A.  dichotoma,  Michx.     POVERTY  GRASS. 
A.  purpurascens,  Poir. 

Oakes,  1829.     Both  species  abundant  on  the  commons. 

SPARTINA,  Schreber. 

S.  cynosuroides,  Willd.     CORD  GRASS. 
S.  polystachya,  Willd.,  Muhl. 

Eatfire  and  elsewhere. 
S.  juncea,  Willd. 

S.  stricta,  Roth.,  var.  glabra,  Gray.     SALT-MARSH  GRASS. 
S.  stricta,  Roth.,  var.  alterniflora,  Gray. 

All  the  species  common. 

TRIPLASIS,  Beauv. 

T.  purpurea,    Chap.       (Tricuspis  purpurea,   Gray.)      SAND- 
GRASS. 
Abundant  on  the  commons. 

DACTYLIS,  L. 
D.  glomerata,  L.  ORCHARD  GRASS. 

GLYCERIA,  R.  Br.,  Trin. 

G.  Canadensis,  Trin.     RATTLESNAKE  GRASS. 

Ditches  and   open  fields  east  of   Bloomingdale,  Dr.  Swan. 

Polpis,  J.  H.  Redfield. 
G.  nervata,  Trin. 
G.  pallida,  Trin. 

Near  the  Washing  Pond  and  between  Wauwinet  and  Siascon- 

set.     C.  &  D. 
G.  aquatica,  Smith.     REED  MEADOW-GRASS. 

Siasconset,  J.  H.  Redfield.     Low  grounds  near  the  town. 

C.  &D. 
G.  acutiflora,  Torr. 

Pout  Ponds.     C.  &  D. 
G.  distans,  Wahl. 


68 

DISTICHLIS,  Raf. 

D.  maritima,   Raf.      (Brizopyrum    spicatum,    Hook.)     SALT 
GRASS. 

Abundant  in  salt  marsh  at  Coskaty. 

POA,  L.     MEADOW-GRASS. 
P.  annua,  L. 
P.  compressa,  L. 
P.  serotina,  L. 

Near  an  old  wharf.     Dr.  Swan. 
P.  pratensis,  L.     KENTUCKY  BLUE  GRASS. 
P.  trivialis,  L. 

ERAGROSTIS,  Beauv. 

E.  major,  Host.  (E.  poaeoides,  Beauv.,  var.  megastachya,  Man) 
Waste  ground  near  town  ;   rather  abundant  in  a  few  places. 
C.  &D. 

E.  pectinacea,  Gray,  var.  spectabilis,  Gray. 

FESTUCA,  L.     FESCUE  GRASS. 

F.  Myurus,  L. 

Sandy  commons  west  of  the  town.     W.  Deane,  1884. 

Near  Siasconset.     Dr.  Swan. 
F.  tenella,  Willd.     SLENDER  FESCUE. 

Plains  between  Siasconset  and  Sesachacha.     Dr.  Swan. 
F.  ovina,  L.     SHEEP'S  FESCUE. 
F.  ovina,  L.,  var.  duriuscula,  Gray. 
F.  elatior,  L.    TALL  FESCUE. 

BROMUS,  L. 

B.  racemosus,  L.     UPRIGHT  CHESS. 
B.  mollis,  L.     SOFT  CHESS. 
B.  sterilis,  L. 

Near  the  wind-mill,  unusually  fine  specimens  ;  Judge  Church- 
ill, 1886.  On  the  edge  of  the  sidewalk  in  Fair  St.,  M.  L.  0., 
1887.  This  is  the  true  plant  of  the  Manual.  B.  tectorum, 
L.,  which  is  sometimes  taken  for  B.  sterilis,  L.,  has  not  yet 
reached  the  island. 


69 

PHRAGMITES,  Trin. 

P.  communis,  Trin.     COMMON  REED. 
Bog  near  Sesachacha  ;  Reed  Pond. 

LOLIUM,  L. 
L.  perenne,  L.     DARNEL. 

AGROPYRUM,  Beauv. 
A.  repens,  Beauv.     ( Triticum  repens,  L. )     WITCH  GRASS. 

HORDEUM,    L. 

H.  vulgare,  L.     BARLEY. 

Noticed  occasionally. 

DANTHONIA,  DC. 
D.  spicata,  Beauv. 

DESCHAMPSIA,  Beauv. 

D.  flexuosa,  Vasey.     (Aira flexuosa,  L.)    HAIR  GRASS. 

Abundant  on  the  commons  and  between  Wauwinet  and  Sias- 
conset.     C.  &  D. 

AIRA,    L. 

A.  caryophyllea,  L. 

Dr.  Asa  Gray,  1864.     Commons  west  of  the  town.     C.  &  D. 

HOLCUS,  L.     (partly). 

H.  lanatus,  L.     VELVET  GRASS. 
Common  in  Quaise,  Polpis,  Eatfire,  &c. 

ANTHOXANTHUM,  L. 
A.  odoratum,  L.     SWEET  VERNAL  GRASS. 

PHALARIS,  L. 

P.  Canariensis,  L.     CANARY  GRASS. 
Dumps  about  old  wharves,  etc.     Dr.  Swan. 
10 


BRANDEGEE  HERBARIUM 


70 
PASPALUM,  L. 


P.  setaceum,  Michx. 
Common. 


PANICUM,  L.     PANIC  GKASS. 

P.  glabrum,  Gaudin. 

Abundant  west  of  the  town. 
P.  sanguinale,  L.  CRAB  GRASS. 
P.  anceps,  Michx. 

Maxcy's  Pond.     Miss  E.  J.  Steele.     Not  common. 
P.  proliferum,  Lam. 
P.  virgatum,  L. 
P.  clandestinum,  L. 

Near  Reed  Pond  and  in  Polpis,  C.  &  D. 
P.  pauciflorum,  Ell. 

Commons  west  of  the  town.     Rather  rare.     C.  &  D. 
P.  dichotomum,  L. 

Common. 
P.  depauperatum,  Muhl. 

Washing  Pond,  Maxcy's  Pond,  &c.     Common. 
P.  Crus-galli,  L.     BARN- YARD  GRASS. 
P.  Crus-galli,  L.,  var.  hispidum,  Gray. 

Shore  of  Long  Pond.     Judge  Churchill. 
P.  miliaceum,  L. 

In  waste  and  cultivated  grounds,  C.  &  D. 

SETARIA,  Beauv. 

S.  viridis,  Beauv.    FOXTAIL  GRASS. 
*    In  an  old  cellar  near  the  railway  station,  Dr.  Swan. 

ANDROPOGON,  L.     BEARD  GRASS. 

A.  provincialis,  Lam.     (A.  furcatus,  Muhl.) 

Wauwinet ;  seen  once.     C.  &  D. 
A.  scoparius,  Michx. 


71 

A.  dissitiflorus,  Michx.     (A.  Virginicus,  L.) 
T.  A.  Greene  before  1829.     M.  L.  0. 

A.  macrourus,  Michx. 
Dr.  Bobbins,  1829.     L.  L.  D.     J.  R.  Churchill. 

GHRYSOPOGON,  Trin.     INDIAN  GRASS. 
0.  nutans,  Benth.     (Sorghum  nutans,  Man.} 


CRTPTOGAMIA. 


EQUISETACE^E. 

EQUISETUM,  L.     HORSETAIL. 

E.  arvense,  L. 
Common. 

FILICES. 

PTERIS,  L. 

P.  aquilina,  L.     BRAKE. 

Abundant  on  the  commons.  This  fern  in  Nantucket  often 
approaches  var.  caudata  of  the  Southern  States. 

WOODWARDIA,  Smith.     CHAIN-FERN. 

W.  Virginica,  Smith. 

Very  common  in  swampy  localities.  In  swamp  both  sides  of 
road  at  Bloomingdale  ;  round  Tom  Never's  Pond  ;  grows  pro- 
fusely but  in  a  dwarfed  condition,  in  half  dry  swamp  between 
Bloomingdale  and  Tom  Never's. 

W.  angustifolia,  Smith. 

Found  in  many  widely  different  localities.     In  almost  every 


72 

swampy  place  from  the  Haulover  to  Tom  Never's  Head  ;  di- 
rectly opposite  the  sixth  mile  stone  ;  in  Grove  Lane,  south  of 
No-Bottom  Pond,  &c.  Abundant  and  of  luxuriant  growth 
in  several  of  these  spots. 

ASPLENIUM,  L.     SPLEENWORT. 

A.  Filix-foemina,  Bernh.     LADY-FERN. 

A.  Filix-foemina,    Bernh.,   var.    Michauxii,    Mett.,    and  var. 

rhaeticum,  Moore. 

Species  and  varieties  all  rare. 

ASPIDIUM,  Swartz.     SHIELD-FERN. 
A.  Thelypteris,  Swartz.     MARSH  FERN. 

Very  common  in  moist  localities. 
A.  Noveboracense,  Swartz.     NEW  YORK  FERN. 

Very  rare  ;  swamp  near  Polpis.     L.  L.  D. 
A.  spinulosum,  Swartz,  var.  intermedium,,  Eaton. 

Very  rare  ;  only  two  specimens  seen.     L.  L.  D. 

A.  cristatum,  Swartz.     CRESTED  BUCKLER-FERN. 

Rare.  Found  in  but  one  locality,  Bloomingdale  ;  the  speci- 
mens very  vigorous.  L.  L.  D. 

ONOCLEA,  L. 

0.  sensibilis,  L.     SENSITIVE  FERN. 
At  Bloomingdale,  Polpis  and  elsewhere. 

OSMUNDA,  L. 
0.  regalis,  L.     FLOWERING  FERN. 

Swamps  near  Polpis. 
0.  Clay toni ana,  L. 

One  specimen  near  Sesachacha.     L.  L.  D.  &  M.  L.  0. 
0.  cinnamomea,  L.     CINNAMON  FERN. 

Very  common. 

BOTRTCHIUM,  Swartz.     GRAPE-FERN. 

B.  ternatum,  Swartz.,  var.  obliquum,  Wilde. 

Not  common,  but  observed  once  about  1860  on  the  edge  of  the 


73 

bank  at  the  South  Shore  in  great  abundance  and  of  luxuriant 
growth.  That  bank,  gradually  undermined  by  the  waves  in 
great  storms,  has  fallen  to  the  beach  below  long  before  this. 
M.  L.  0.  Rather  abundant  in  low  ground  west  of  the  town, 
C.  &  D.,  1885. 

OPHIOGLOSSUM,  L.     ADDER'S  TONGUE. 

0.  vulgatum,  L. 

Several  specimens  between  the  Polpis  school  house  and  Alma- 
nac Pond.  C.  &  D.,  1885. 

About  a  dozen  plants  on  a  wet  bank  near  Sesachacha  Pond . 
L.  L.  Dame  and  J.  K.  Churchill,  1886. 

LYCOPODIACE^E. 

LYCOPODIUM,  L.,  Spring.      CLUB-MOSS. 

L.  inundatum,  L.,  var.  Bigelovii,  Tuckerm. 

Common  in  the  marshes,  in  some  localities  approaching  L. 

alopecuroides,  L. 
L.  dendroideum,  Michx.     GROUND  PINE. 

Occasional  along  the  border  of  Gibbs's  Swamp,  L.  L.  D. 
L.  complanatum,  L. 

ISOETES,    L.      QUILLWORT. 

L  echinospora,  Durieu,  var.  Braunii,  Engelm. 
Maxcy's  Pond.     Morong. 

No  botanist  has  been  known  to  visit  Nantucket  for  spe- 
cial collection  of  its  mosses  and  liverworts,  but  the  few 
species  of  the  following  list  have  been  picked  up  from  time 
to  time  and  submitted  to  competent  specialists  for  the  names. 
The  island  does  not  seem  to  be  rich  in  these  orders,  and  the 
specimens  found  are,  in  many  cases,  unfruited,  making  a  sure 
identification  difficult,  still  additions  to  the  present  list  can 
certainly  be  made. 


74 

The  list  of  Characece,  mostly  furnished  by  Mr.  Morong  and 
Mr.  Dame,  is  perhaps  more  nearly  complete,  but  #s  the  col- 
lections were  all  made  in  the  few  weeks  of  summer  visits, 
there  are  doubtless  other  species  to  reward  some  careful 
searcher  in  the  future. 

MUSCI.     MOSSES. 

Sphagnum  squarrosum,  Pers. 

Sphagnum  cuspidatum,  Ehrh.     J.  L.  Russell ;  var.  plumosum, 

Schimp.  M.  L.  0. 
Mnium  affine,  Bland. 
Mnium  punctatum,  Hedw. 

Both  species  in  a  hole  among  Saul's  Hills.     L.  L.  D. 
Fontinalis  antipyretica,  L.,  var.  gigantea,  Sulliv. 

Roadside  pool,  Bloomingdale,  L.  L.  D. 
Dichelyma  capillaceum,  Myrin. 

HEPATIC^.     LIVERWORTS. 

Anthoceros  punctatus,  L. 
Marchantia  polymorpha,  L. 

CHARACE^E. 

NlTELLA,    Ag. 

N.  batrachosperma,  A.  Br. 

Maxcy's  Pond,   Morong,   1887.     Found  in  America  for  the 
first  time. 

N.  flexilis,  Ag. 

Weweeder  Pond,  Cato's  Pond,  and  a  pool  on  the  edge  of  the 
town  near  the  R.  R.  track.     Morong. 

N.  flexilis,  Ag.,  var.  subcapitata,  A.  Br. 
Polpis.     M.  L.  0. 

N.  Morongii,  Allen. 

A  new  species  detected  in  the  roadside  pool  opposite  Bloom- 
ingdale, by  Rev.  Thomas  Morong,  July  21,  1887. 

N.  mucronata,  A.  Br.     L.  L.  Dame. 


CHARA,  (L.)    Ag. 

C.  coronata,  A.  Br. 
Weweeder  Pood,  Morong. 

C.  coronata,  A.  Br. ,  var.  Schweinitzii,  A.  Br. 
Sesachacha  Pond,  M.  L.  0. 

C.  crinita,  Wallr.     L.  L.  D. 

C.  crinita,  Wallr. ,  forma  leptosperma. 

Brook  in  Polpis,  M.  L.  0.,  1881.  Coskaty  Pond,  Morong, 
1887.  In  Sesachacha  Pond  a  little  longer  and  more  delicate 
form  than  that  from  Coskaty,  F.  S.  Collins,  1885. 

C.  fragilis,  Desv.,  var.  delicatula,  A.  Br. 
P.  S.  Collins. 


The  list  of  marine  algae  shows  only  in  part  the  wealth  of  the 
island  beaches  in  this  order.  Mr.  Collins,  who  furnishes  it,  like 
the  rest  who  have  contributed  to  this  Catalogue,  could  spend 
but  a  short  time  in  Nantucket,  and  while  the  number  of  names 
shows  how  diligently  he  collected,  he  says  in  a  letter,  "  There 
are  species  which  I  have  not  included  in  this  list,  though  I  feel 
morally  certain  that  they  would  be  found  if  one  could  be  on 
hand  to  look  for  them  at  the  proper  season,  but  I  think  the 
only  safe  rule  is  to  publish  nothing  as  belonging  to  a  locality, 
unless  it  has  been  actually  found  there." 

A  farther  quotation  from  his  letter  is  added  to  amplify  the 
title  somewhat  and  explain  the  references  in  the  list.  "I  in- 
clude what  marine  algae  I  have  myself  collected  in  Nantucket, 
what  I  have  seen  in  specimens  collected  by  others,  and  a  few 
additional  species  which  I  have  not  seen  myself  from  the  island, 
but  which  are  on  record  in  Harvey's  Nereis  or  Farlow's  Manual. 

"  Where  in  my  list  I  give  no  name  of  collector,  it  means  that 
I  have  found  the  species  myself ;  and  where  I  give  a  particular 
locality,  that  I  found  it  at  that  place.  Where  Mr.  Dame's 
initials  are  given,  I  have  not  myself  collected  that  species,  but 
have  examined  Mr.  Dame's  specimens ;  all  other  species  have 
been  put  in  on  the  authority  of  records  in  the  Nereis,  &c." 


w 

MARINE     ALG^E    OF    NANTUCKET. 

Based  principally  on  specimens  collected  by  L.  L.  Dame  in 
1868,  1869  and  1886,  and  by  F.  S.  Collins  in  August,  1878, 
and  July,  1886.  Classification  and  nomenclature  according  to 
Prof.  Farlow's  Manual  of  the  Marine  AlgcB  of  New  England. 

CRYPTOPHYCE^E. 

CHROOCOCCUS,  Naeg. 
C.  turgidus,  Naeg. 
Common  on  wood  work,  etc. 

CLATHBOCYSTIS,  Henfrey. 

C.  roseo-persicina,  Conn. 
Common  on  muddy  flats,  etc. 

SPH^ROZYGA,  Ag. 

S.  Carmichaelii,  Harv. 
Not  uncommon  on  mud  in  the  harbor. 

SPIRULINA,  Turpin. 

S.  tenuissima,  Kiitz. 
On  wharves,  etc. 

OSCILLARIA,  Kiitz. 

0.  limosa,  var.  chalybea,  Kiitz. 
0.  subuliformis,  Harv. 
0.  subtondosa,  Farlow. 
These  three  species  grow  together  on  wharves,  etc. 

LYNGBYA,  Ag. 

L.  aestuarii,  Liebmann. 
Very  common  on  the  marshes. 

LEPTOTHRIX,  Kiitz. 
L.  rigidula,  Kiitz. 

On  various  algae  at  Polpis. 


77 

CALOTHRIX,  Thuret. 

0.  confervicola,  Ag. 

Parasitic  on  various  algae  at  Brant  Point. 
C.  Crustacea,  Born  &  Thur. 

Color  bright  green,  distinguishing  it  from  the  preceding  spe- 
cies, which  is  blackish.  Found  with  the  preceding  and  at 
Polpis . 

RIVULARIA,  Roth. 

R.  atra,  Roth. 

On  shells  in  harbor. 

IBACTIS,  Thuret. 

1.  plana,  Thuret. 

On  shells,  etc.,  Polpis. 

ZOOSPORE^. 

MONOSTROMA,  Wietr. 

M.  crepidinum,  Farlow. 

Resembles  a  small  Ulva  Lactuca,  but  is  softer  and  more  deli- 
cate, and  of  a  very  rich  deep  green  color.  Wharves  in  har- 
bor ;  not  common. 

ULVA,  Le  Jolis. 

U.  Lactuca,  Le  Jolis.     SEA  LETTUCE. 

U.  Lactuca,  var.  latissima,  Le  Jolis. 
Species  and  variety  both  very  common. 

U.  enteromorpha,  Le  Jolis. 
var.  intestinalis.  Le  Jolis. 
var.  compressa,  Le  Jolis. 
Very  common  in  both  varieties. 

[NOTE. — There  is  no  type  of  this  species  distinct  from  the  va- 
rieties. In  all  other  cases  in  this  list  the  opposite  is  the  fact, 
and  when,  as  in  Punctaria  latifolia,  var.  Zosterw,  a  variety 
only  is  mentioned,  it  indicates  that  although  there  exists  a 
species  distinct  from  the  variety,  the  latter  only  has  been 
found  on  the  island  shores.] 
11 


78 

U.  clathrata,  Ag. 

Polpis,  not  very  common. 

U.  Hopkirkii,  Harv. 
Brant  Point. 

U.  aureola,  Ag. 

Resembles  a  fine  form  of  U.  enteromorpha,  or  U.  clathrata, 
but  the  fronds  are  very  slippery,  and  under  the  microscope 
the  cells  are  seen  to  be  arranged  in  longitudinal  series  which 
unite  by  their  edges  to  form  the  tubular  frond,  and  are  rather 
easily  separated  by  pressure.  This  species  is  not  described  in 
any  American  work  on  algae.  Found  on  a  rock  near  Brant 
Point. 


CH^TOMOKPHA,    Kiitz. 

C.  Linum,  Kiitz. 
Floating  in  the  harbor. 

RmzocLOiauM,   Kiitz. 

R.  riparium,  Harv. 
R.  Kochianum,  Kiitz. 
Both  species  at  Polpis. 

CLADOPHORA,  Kiitz. 

C.  lanosa,  Kiitz. 

Siasconset,  L.  L.  D. 
C.  Rudolphiana,  Ag. 

Between  tide  marks  on  wharves  and  mud  ;  also  at  Sesachacha 

Pond. 
C.  gracilis,  Kiitz. 

Harbor. 
C.  expansa,  Kiitz. 

Polpis. 
C.  fracta,  Kiitz. 

With  the  last,  but  less  common. 


79 

BRYOPSIS,  Lam. 

B.   plumosa,  Ag. 
Brant  Point ;  not  common.     A  beautiful  species. 

PHYLLITIS,  Le  Jolis. 

P.  fascia,  Kiitz. 
Rather  common  on  pebbles  between  tide  marks. 

SCYTOSIPHON,  Thuret. 

S.  lomentarius,  Ag. 
Common. 

PUNCTARIA,  Grev. 

P.  latifolia,  Grev.,  var.  Zosterae,  Le  Jolis. 
Common  in  harbor  on  Zostera. 

DESMARESTIA,  Lamour. 

D.  aculeata,  Lamour. 
Miss  Anne  Mitchell. 

D.  viridis,  Lamour. 

Siasconset,  L.  L.  D.     Both  species  apparently  not  common ; 
handsome  specimens  to  be  had  only  in  the  spring. 

MYRIOTRICHIA,  Harv. 

M.  clavaeformis,  Harv. 
Brant  Point,  growing  on  Scytosiphon  ;  not  common. 

ECTOCAHPUS,  Lyngb. 

E.  granulosus,  Ag. 
Siasconset,  L.  L.  D. 

E.  granulosus,  Ag.,  var.  tenuis,  Farlow. 
(Prof.  W.  H.  Harvey.) 

E.  confervoides,  Le  Jolis. 

E.  confervoides,  Le  Jolis,  var.  siliculosus,  Kjellman. 

Siasconset  and  Brant  Point.     Species  and  variety  both  abun- 
dant on  wood- work  and  the  larger  algae. 


80 

E.  fasciculatus,  Harv. 
Brant  Point,  L.  L.  D. 

B.  littoralis,  Lyngb. 
Harbor,  common. 

E.  Mitchellae,  Harv. 

This  species  was  founded  on  specimens  collected  by  Miss  Anne 
Mitchell,  (Mrs.  Alfred  Macy,)  and  is  known  only  by  the  de- 
scription and  plate  in  Harvey's  Nereis  Boreali- Americana. 

SPHACELAEIA,  Lyngb. 

S.  cirrhosa,  Ag. 

Common  on  larger  algae. 

CLADOSTEPHUS,  Ag. 

C.  verticillatus,  Ag. 

Siasconset,  cast  up  from  deep  water.     L.  L  D. 

ELACHISTEA,  Duby. 

E.  fucicola,  Fries. 
Polpis,  on  Fucus. 

MTRIACTIS,   Kiitz. 

M.  pulvinata,  Kiitz.,  var.  minor,  Farlow. 
A  minute  parasite  in  the  cryptostomata  of  Sargassum.  Brant 
Point. 

MESOGLOIA,  Ag. 

M.  divaricata,  Kiitz. 

Common ;  very  different  in  appearance  at  different  stages  of 
growth. 

RALFSIA,  Berkeley. 

R.  clavata,  Crowan. 

On  shells,  etc.,  forming  a  thin  brownish  or  blackish  film. 
Polpis. 


S.  rhizodes,  Ag. 
Polpis. 


81 
STILOPHOBA,  Ag. 


CHORDA,  Stack. 


C.  filum,  L. 
Rather  common  in  the  harbor. 

LAMINARIA,  Lamour. 

L.  saccharina,  Lamour.     DEVIL'S  APRON.     KELP. 
L.  saccharina,  Lamour,  var.  caperata,  Farlow. 
Type  and  variety  common  at  Siasconset. 

OOSPORE^:. 

Fucus,  L. 

F.  vesiculosus,  L.     BLADDER-WRACK.     BOCK-WEED. 
Common. 

ASCOPHTLLUM,  Stack. 

A.  nodosum,  Le  Jolis. 
Common. 

SARGASSUM,  Ag.     GULF-WEED. 

S.  vulgare,  Ag. 

S.  vulgare,  Ag.,  var.  Montagnei,  Farlow. 
Type  and  variety  common, 

A  large  bank  of  Sargassum  bacciferum,  Ag. ,  the  species  form- 
ing the  great  "Sargasso  Sea"  in  the  Atlantic,  is  reported  to 
exist  not  far  from  the  island  ;  it  is  quite  possible,  as  a  bit 
washed  ashore  at  East  Falmouth  on  the  main  land  has  been 
picked  up,  and  collectors  may  yet  find  specimens  on  the  Nan- 
tucket  beaches. 


82 

FLORIDEJE. 

TRENTEPOHLIA,  Prings. 

T.  virgatula,  Farlow. 
Forming  a  fine  fringe  on  Zostera  and  the  smaller  algae. 

POEPHYRA,  Ag. 

P.  laciniata,  Ag. 
On  wharves. 

GONIOTRICHUM,    Kiitz. 

G.  elegans,  Zanard. 
Polpis,  scarce. 

HILDENBRANTIA,  Nardo. 

H.  rosea,  Kiitz. 

Common  on  pebbles,  forming  a  thin  red  or  reddish-brown 
film. 

SPERMOTHAMNION,  Aresch. 

S.  Turneri,  Aresch. 

Washed  ashore  from  deep  water  in  great  abundance  in  July 
and  August,  especially  at  Siasconset ;  also  found  growing  on 
Cystoclonium,  Rhabdonia,  etc. 

CALLITHAMNION,  Lyng. 

C.  membranaceum,  Magnus. 

A  very  minute  alga  growing  in  the  tubes  of  Sertularias  and 

other  zoophytes,  to  which  it  gives  a  reddish  color.     Spring 

and  early  summer  ;  Siasconset. 
C.  cruciatum,  Ag. 

Siasconset,   generally  growing  on  Spermothamnion. 

W.  A.  Spinney,  L.  L.  Dame. 
0.  Borreri,  Ag. 
0.  tetragonum,  Ag. 
C.  Baileyi,  Harv. 


C.  byssoideum,  Arn. 

Brant  Point,  L.  L.  D.  ;  where  the  three  preceding  species  are 
also  found. 

0.  corymbosum,  Lyng. 
Brant  Point ;  rather  common. 

C.  seirospermum,  Griff. 

(Dr.  S.  Durkee  in  Nereis  B-A.) 

C.  tenue,  Harv. 

A  rare  species,  first  discovered  in  America  some  thirty  years 
since,  by  Mr.  Samuel  Ashmead  at  Beesley's  Point,  New  Jer- 
sey ;  not  again  heard  of  till  reported  by  Mr.  L.  L.  Dame  in 
October,  1868  ;  subsequently  found  also  in  Nantucket  by 
Mrs.  Lusk  (Farlow,  Manual) ;  since  detected  at  East  Fal- 
mouth,  Mass. ,  and  at  Atlantic  City,  N.  J.  Until  a  specimen 
is  found  with  cystocarpic  fruit,  it  is  doubtful  whether  the 
species  belongs  to  this  genus  or  the  next. 

GRIFFITHSIA,  Ag. 

G.  Bornetiana,  Farlow, 

Rather  common.  Sterile  plants  of  this  species  somewhat  re- 
semble the  last. 


CERAMIUM,  Lyng. 

C.  rubrum,  Ag. 

Common  and  variable. 
C.  strictum,  Harv. 
C.  fastigiatum,  Harv. 
C.  tenuissimum,  Ag. 

These  last  three  species  are  common,  but  C.  fastigiatum  is 

seldom  found  in  fruit. 


SPYBIDIA,  Harv. 

S.  filamentosa,  Harv. 

Common  in  the  harbor,  etc. 


84 

PHYLLOPHORA,  Grev. 

P.  Brodiaei,  Ag. 
P.  membranifolia,  Ag. 
Siasconset ;  neither  species  common. 


AHNFELDTIA,  Fries. 


A.  plicata,  Fries. 
Siasconset ;  not  rare. 


CYSTOCLONIUM,    Kiitz. 

C.  purpurascens,  Kiitz. 
Common. 

CHONDRUS,  Stack. 

C.  crispus,  Stack.     IRISH  Moss.     CARRAGEEN. 
Common  all  round  the  island. 

RHODYMENIA,  Ag. 

E.  palmata,  Grey.    DULSE. 
Rather  common. 

LOMENTARIA,  Thuret. 

L.  uncinata,  Meneg. 

L.  uncinata,  Meneg.,  var.  filiformis,  Harv. 
Type  and  variety  not  uncommon  in  the  harbor,  etc. 

CHAMPIA,  Harv. 

C.  parvula,  Harv. 

Common  in  quiet  water.     Miss  Anne  Mitchell,  1853. 

HYPNEA,    Lamour. 

H.  musciformis,  Lamour. 
Siasconset,  L.  L.  D. 


85 
RHABDONIA,  Harv. 

R.  tenera,  Ag. 

Abundant  and  luxuriant ;  a  striking  feature  of  the  marine 
vegetation  in  summer. 

POLYIDES,  Ag. 

P.  rotund  us,  Grev. 
Siasconset ;  not  very  common. 

GRINNELLIA,  Harv. 

G.  Americana,  Grev. 

Common.  The  most  beautiful  sea-weed  of  southern  New 
England. 

GKACILLARIA,  Grev. 

G.  multipartita,  Ag. 

G.  multipartita,  Ag.,  var.  angustissima,  Harvey. 
Polpis  ;  both  forms,  but  both  apparently  rare.     L.  L.  D. 

CHONDRIOPSIS,  J.  Ag. 

0.  dasyphylla,  Ag. 

A  specimen  from  Brant  Point  in  the  herbarium  of  Miss  M.  A. 
Booth  ;  probably  not  uncommon,  though  this  is  the  only  evi- 
dence that  can  now  be  referred  to. 

C.  tenuissima,  Ag.,  var.  Baileyana,  Farlow. 
Type  and  variety  very  common  in  the  bay,  on  stones  and 
shells  near  low  water  mark. 

POLYSIPHCWIA,  Grev. 

P.  urceolata,  Grev.,  var.  formosa,  Ag. 

Brant  Point,  L.  L.  D. 
P.  Olneyi,  Harv. 

(Dr.  S.  Durkee.) 
P.  Harveyi,  Bailey. 
12 


86 

P.  Harveyi,  Bailey,  var.  arietina,  Harv. 

Both  of  the  preceding  species  common  in  the  bay  ;  the  varie- 
ty at  Polpis.     L,  L.  D. 
P.  elongata,  Grev. 
P.  violacea,  Grev. 

These  two  species  found  at   Siasconset ;   both  rather  rare. 

L.  L.  D. 
P.  variegata,  Ag. 

Common  in  the  bay. 
P.  atrorubescens,  Grev. 

Siasconset ;  not  common.     L.  L.  D. 
P.  nigrescens,  Grev. 
P.  nigrescens,  Grev.,  var.  affinis,  Ag. 

Type  and  variety  both  common. 

DASYA,  Ag. 

D.  elegans,  Ag.     CHENILLE. 
Abundant ;  a  very  handsome  plant. 

CORALLINA,  Lamour. 

C.  officinalis,  L. 
Siasconset ;  rare.     L.  L.  D. 

MELOBESIA,  Aresch. 

M.  Lejolisii,  Rosanoff. 
Common  on  Zostera. 

M.  membranacea,  Lamour. 

Siasconset  on  Phyllophora  membranifolia  ;  very  rare.  Other 
species  of  Melanesia  are  often  brought  to  notice  under  this 
name,  but  there  is  no  authenticated  report  of  its  previous  oc- 
currence on  our  coast.  The  frond  is  very  thin,  so  that  the 
color  of  the  plant  on  which  it  grows  shows  through  plainly, 
while  M.  farinosa  is  opaque  and  easily  crumbles,  M.  pustulata 
is  thick  and  stony,  and  M.  Lejolisii,  which  it  most  nearly  re- 
sembles, occurs  on  Zostera  only,  not  on  algae. 


87 

M.  farinosa,  Lamour. 

Siasconset,   forming    a  thin  white   incrustation  on  various 

algae  ;  not  very  common. 
M.  pustulata,  Lamour. 

Siasconset,  on  Chondrus  crispus.     L.  L.  D. 
M.  Corallinae,  Crowan. 

Siasconset,  on  Corallina  officinalis  ;  new  to  America  and  very 

rare.     L.  L.  D. 

Here  the  Catalogue  must  close,  with  no  record  of  the  Lichenes 
or  Fungi.  Mr.  John  Lewis  Russell,  a  botanist  eminently  qual- 
ified to  report  on  the  former,  was  on  the  island  a  short  time 
about  1850,  and  undoubtedly  made  note  of  all  the  species  he 
saw,  but  the  compiler  has  no  list  of  them.  These  two  orders 
offer  an  unexplored  field  to  any  who  will  enter  it. 


CORRECTIONS  AND  ADDITIONS. 

Page  18.     After  C.  viscosum  add 

C.  arvense,  L. 
The  note  applies  to  this  plant  and  not  to  C.  viscosum. 

Page  19.     After  PORTULACACEiE  add 
PORTULACA,  Tourn. 

Page  42.     For  ILYSANTHUS  read  ILYSANTHES. 


14  DAY  USE 

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